Excerpts

R ESULTS Analysis of flexural strength values for all the study groups by two-way ANOVA indicated a very highly significant difference between the means of all main groups ( F = 14056.27, P < 2.2E-16) and between the means of subgroups ( F = 94.41, P < 2.2E-16) [ Table 1 ].

Based on the comparison of intact to degraded cartilage, the log-fold-changes in RNA expression and the differences in mean promoter region methylation values demonstrated a small but highly significant correlation (Pearson’s r = −0.08, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 , Fig. 2b , Supplementary Table S7 ).

Since this group represents 13% of the upstream regions in the genome, this is a highly significant enrichment ( Fig. 6c , Fisher's exact test, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

Given the large ExAC data sets sampling 60,706 individuals, the differences were extremely significant (p-value < 2.2e-16).

This is a highly significant (p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) excess (see Materials and Methods), suggesting some concordance in signal at the individual gene level.

We find a highly significant correlation (ρ = 0.15, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) ( Supplemental Fig.

The correlation between HGS and NBIGS in EVTs was highly significant ( Figure 6 B; SDQ 3 rho = 0.54 p < 2.2e-16; Table S6 ).

A Chi-square test comparing the observed and expected frequencies of different types of AA combinations gave a highly significant result for data pooled across phyla (X 2 = 255.35, df = 2, P < 2.2×10 −16 , Table 1 ).

Bartlett’s test of sphericity was highly significant (χ2 = 362.49, df = 11, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), confirming that the correlation matrix was not an identity matrix and that the dataset had sufficient inter-variable relationships for factor analysis.

Highly significant p -values for both directions (lesser and greater, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) were recorded.

This yielded a highly significant correlation of the average methylation levels between both species (Pearson's correlation rho = 0.611, p < 2.2E−16) indicating, that on a global level, the patterns of gene regulation have been conserved between marmoset and human sperm (Figure 3 ).

Importantly, the global shift observed with RRP41 knockdown was statistically highly significant ( P < 2.2E−16, Jonckheere trend test) and was not observed with the U2-type introns located immediately up- or downstream of the U12-type introns (Figure 3F ) or in the group of all the U2-type introns in the same genes.

We observed a very weak but highly significant correlation in synonymous heterozygosity between species (Pearson’s r = 0.14, p<2.2e-16), consistent with some degree of conservation for genic parameters of mutation rates and/or selection at Drosophila synonymous sites [ 58 , 70 – 74 ].

The model describing recovery rate ( rr ) was highly significant ( X 2 = 27,605,272, df = 23, P< 2.2e -16 ), with each term of the model being significant ( S2 Table ).

The correlation coefficients were relatively low (0.325, 0.323, 0.321, 0.312 and 0.250 at the PARTE temperatures of 23, 30, 37, 55 and 75°C, respectively) but highly significant (all P -values < 2.2e-16).

All correlations are statistically highly significant with a p -value < 2.2e-16.

The correlation between predicted and measured scores was highly significant ( Figure 3C , Pearson’s r = 0.35, p < 2.2×10 −16 ) and reduced substantially when a randomized version of the ontology was used ( r = 0.04); the maximum achievable correlation, as previously determined by experimental genetic interaction replicates ( Baryshnikova et al., 2010 ), was r = 0.67.

At the nucleotide level, the nonrandom distribution among these genomic categories is highly significant ( P < 2.2 × 10 − 16 in a χ 2 test for independence).

Conversely, a robust positive correlation was observed between PKMYT1 expression and TMB, with a correlation coefficient of R=0.4 and a highly significant P value ( Figure 5C , P<2.2e−16).

There was, however, a highly significant correlation between change in TE score and GC content (Pearson’s correlation value of −0.1337, p-value<2.2e −16 ) ( Figure 1I ).

Strikingly, as in human cells, we found a highly significant correlation between 8-oxodG and γH2AX signals within the mouse genes (Pearson correlation test, r = 0.9; P < 2.2e–16) (Figure 4F ).

The correlation between ω A MK and DoS was strong and highly significant (ρ = 0.964, P -value < 2.2E-16, n = 10,631, supplementary fig.

We find a highly significant linear relationship between ψ and Fop ( F = 5325, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) as well as a strong positive correlation, measured as Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (0.825).

Comparing these data to that of Lmd revealed that a large (79.7%) and highly significant ( p <2.2×10 −16 , Fisher's exact test) proportion of Lmd direct target genes are also directly regulated by Mef2 ( Figure 1D ).

The latter explanation is supported, because there is a highly significant between-haplotype component of variation for the trait ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 for the whole data set; P between 4.1 × 10 −13 [L14] and 0.022 [L06] for the individual MA lines).