Excerpts

Among the 41 downregulated transcripts in trophozoites in HbAS children, the most highly significant was that encoding a putative acid phosphatase (PF3D7_1430300; log 2 fold change = −2.37; adjusted P = 1.77 × 10 −6 ).

Results Behavioural data We observed a highly significant main effect of endogenous effort modulation on RTs for correct trials (EXR-RLX: F (1,44) = 30.30, p = 1.79e-06), in addition to the expected main effect of stimulus type (incongr-congr: F (1,44) = 1437.20, p = 3.07e-35).

However, this SNP was only borderline significant in the Norwegian sample (p-value = 1.8 × 10 − 6 ).

Cluster 3 had multiple highly significant correlations (203, with an absolute value of rho ≥ 0.5 and P < 1.8 × 10 −6 ) including a group of proline-related metabolites (4-hydroxyproline, prolyl-hydroxyproline, and 4-hydroxyglutamate).

The comparison of circulating STC1 in the 2 groups adjusted for delivery mode, smoking status, maternal age, and prepregnancy BMI resulted in highly significant difference (linear regression, β = 500.8 pg/mL; P = 1.8 × 10 −6 ) ( Figure 1 A).

On average, DESTINI improves cluster coverage by 0.04, which is very small, but statistically highly significant (Wilcoxon pair test P-value = 1.8 × 10 −6 ).

As a further control, we compared the frequency of homopolymer frameshift mutations in these genes to the proportion of all exonic length 8 C:G or A:T homopolymers mutated across the cohort and found highly significant enrichment of homopolymer frameshift mutations in the MSH6 C8 homopolymer (37.3% versus 23.4%, P = 1.9 × 10 −6 ) and the MSH3 A8 homopolymer (67.3% versus 9.9%; P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

A highly significant correlation was observed between the change in NI score and the measured change in exon-inclusion level ( r = 0.661, p = 1.9 × 10 −6 ), providing support for the ability of NI scoring to predict changes in splicing regulatory activity resulting from point mutations.

12.4% of the genes with one or more DMRs from S1 to S2 resulted in corresponding transcriptional alterations, which represented a highly significant overlap (Fisher’s exact P = 1.9 × 10 − 6 ).

Results We found a highly significant statistical association between circadian pathway genetic variation and the risk of breast (pathway P value = 1.9 × 10 –6 ; top gene RORA, gene P value = 0.0003), prostate (pathway P value = 4.1 × 10 –6 ; top gene ARNTL, gene P value = 0.0002) and lung cancer (pathway P value = 6.9 × 10 –7 ; top gene RORA, gene P value = 2.0 × 10 –6 ), as well as all their subgroups.

In the dominant model, carriers of the rs5743899 G allele or rs3750920 T allele were compared with homozygous individuals for the A or C allele respectively and the difference were highly significant (P = 1.9x10 -6 OR, 1.8 [95% CI 1.4–2.2] and (p = 5.4x10 -6 ; OR, 1.7 [95% CI 1.4–2.2]).

Importantly, the interaction between clinical outcome and time was also highly significant (F = 8.48, p = 1.9 × 10−6), indicating distinct temporal diversity trajectories between responders and non-responders ( Figures 2B and C ).

Ubiquitination and proteasome Surprisingly, we found that a highly significant proportion of genes of the non-cycle oocytes/hESC signature was involved in the protein ubiquitination and proteasome canonical pathway ( P -value ≤ 1.93E-06, using Ingenuity software) (Figure 3A ).

The majority of these (78%) also contain STAT1 peaks, a highly significant overrepresentation (p = 1.97e-6; Table S2 B).

GTEx annotation of nominally significant SNVs by genome-wide association study identified enriched expression of genes in multiple tissues including the heart and lung ( P = 2 × 10 −6 and P = 6 × 10 −4 , respectively (Suppl.

The determined Spearman’s correlation was 0.87 and highly significant ( P = 2 × 10 −6 ), as was the Pearson’s correlation (0.85; P = 4 × 10 −6 ).

This difference between normal and tumor tissue was highly significant (p-value = 2*10 −6 ).

The single exception is Prs3-F[1,2]:Fpr1-F[3], which displayed a small but highly significant fitness advantage (fitness=0.04, P value <2 × 10 −6 , Bonferroni corrected one-sided Student's t -test) that is perhaps due to an adaptive mutation that occurred in the parental PCA strain before barcoding.

The differences in gene expression between the immune clusters were highly significant for all 10 cell populations (all p < 2e-06) (Supplemental Figure S3a).

For example, the mean temperature differences between the phantoms with and without magnetic nanoparticles were significant ( p < 0.02) for 10.3 W of acoustic power and highly significant for 5.8 W and 2.7 W ( p < 0.000002 and p < 0.0000005, respectively).

In all tissues and platforms, we observed highly significant but small positive correlation between differences in gene expression as measured by p -values and CNV size (all p < 2 × 10 −6 and all rho < 0.22).

The corresponding rm-ANOVA (3 face conditions×14 ROIs) showed highly significant effects of Face condition (F(2,18) = 30.4, p<0.000002, H-F epsilon = 0.997, p<0.000002), and ROI (F(13,117) = 4.44, H-F epsilon = 0.26, p<0.008), and a significant interaction between these two factors (F(26,234) = 2, p<0.005, H-F epsilon = 0.5, p<0.03).

However, it was highly significant on the individual level with greater power (B = 5.4, p = 2 × 10 –6 ), suggesting that in Eastern Hungary the trend of respondents in larger settlements having later chronotypes is amplified.

The analysis revealed a significant effect of sample type ( F = 4.70, p = 0.020) and a highly significant effect of treatment time ( F = 38.65, p = 2.00 × 10 −6 ), indicating that both hydrogel composition and healing time significantly influenced wound recovery.

Pathway enrichment analysis using MetaCore (pathway analysis software from GeneGo) resulted in a highly significant enrichment of genes encoding proteins involved in cytoskeletal remodeling (P = 2 × 10 −6 ), adhesion (P = 4 × 10 −6 ), metaphase checkpoint (P = 7 × 10 −6 ), and cell cycle regulation (P = 7 × 10 −5 ) pathways.