“a negative trend”

The positive association between diabetes and cognitive impairment is well established 20 ; some studies investigating the association between PFOA exposure and diabetes suggested the presence of an inverse association: a negative trend in diabetes occurrence by increasing serum PFOA deciles was found in a case–control study nested in a previous study based on the population investigated here, 21 22 but not in others. 23 24 From 1950 to 2005, a chemical plant in the Mid-Ohio Valley, West Virginia was responsible for emitting PFOA into the surrounding environment.

Clinical scores showed a negative trend over time, although not statistically significant.

A negative trend of association between exposure to high-molecular-weight (HMW) phthalates and PDI scores was observed in girls, while a positive association was found in boys [ 56 ].

Our result of a negative trend in dementia risk for the continuous rMED score thus add to previous data in support of a beneficial role of MD against dementia.

This contrasts with analysis over the full dose range, when a negative trend in excess mortality risk with dose was observed for all circulatory disease, IHD, all deaths, and all deaths excluding circulatory disease.

This discrepancy was also clearly observed in the largest trial conducted to date, the Chinese study ( 15 ), which reported a considerable reduction in feeding intolerance but no improvement—and even a negative trend—in the time to reach TFF120.

In the USA, on the other hand, a negative trend was noted from 2001 to 2007 (Pastor, Reuben, & Duran, 2012 ).

For savannas and croplands, there was a negative trend in the past.

Except for the CDD, which was dominated by a negative trend, all other indices were dominated by positive trends over the 1961–2018 period.

The correlation of NANOG and GATA6 also revealed a negative trend with the largest change occurring in 65 to 90-cell embryos ( Fig 3A ).

After being doped, under UV irradiation, a negative trend is presumed to overwhelm.

The consumption intensity for electricity shows a rising trend, while gas has a negative trend with significance only in 2006 and 2016.

Hatch date Site T04 (Upper Teesdale, North Pennines) exhibited a negative trend over time in hatch date, indicative of earlier hatching every year ( p = −0.4, p.adj = 0.045; Fig. 3A ).

Our study shows that there was also a negative trend in blood pressure for period effects, i.e. students who attended the university in the 1960s had lower blood pressure than those attending university in the 1950s.

C pulse displays a negative trend for both TiN and BDD/TiN electrodes as a function of TiN coating thickness (Figure 4B ).

As shown in Supplementary material online , Table S11 , more than 85% of the metabolites presented a negative trend for their content in faeces after the probiotic intervention compared with baseline, but changes did not achieve statistical significance, except for glycine and sarcosine ( P = 0.014 and P = 0.025, respectively).

3a-c ), though a negative trend was evident for H. agrestis and H. carnosus.

Discussion In this study we demonstrated that the serum myostatin level is lower in the patients with DM, and there was a negative trend between serum myostatin level and the number of MetS components.

All things considered, it appears that the quality of work has experienced a negative trend in recent decades ( Howell and Kalleberg, 2019 ).

Correlations for each age group separately confirmed a negative trend between these two dependent measures, supporting this idea, albeit they were all non-significant, potentially due to the small sample sizes.

However, from the aspect of evolution tendency, the positive trend of UDZC tends to appear when the AMO shows a positive trend and the IPO shows a negative trend (Supplementary Fig. 18b ).

Finally, we found a negative trend between temperature range and P 50 in the three provenance trials ( Figure 3 ).

In addition, we showed a negative trend for CRP over the study period without differences between interventions.

In contrast, the number of fatalities is available for almost all flood events in the database and a negative trend of at least 1% per year is observed, even though it is only statistically significant for the period between 1950 and 2016 (see Methods section for statistical significance testing procedure).

Available data show a negative trend of gross anatomy hours in students’ curricula from a mean of 248.7 h in 1973 down to 143.6 h in 2001 [ 1 ] and 129 h in 2017 [ 2 ].