The most emissions efficient grass-fed systems were optimal under either metric, but there was an overall trend for grass-fed systems to have larger CO 2 e footprints under GWP 100 , while they tended to have lower footprints than non-grass fed systems under GTP 100 .
Treating each estimate of κ as a replicate, we can test whether an overall trend exist to deviate from the IAH expectation.
An overall trend is apparent for an association between serum and bnAb sensitivity, though small inconsistencies across Envs reflect wide variations in neutralization titers against sera and in the number of bnAbs to which each Env is sensitive.
As the laser energy density gradually increased, the titanium content exhibited an overall trend of first rising and then stabilizing.
1 ), which were inferred from GP changes, had an overall trend of blue shifts (GP increase) in the three systems, with the exception of the DPPC bilayer in the gel phase (25 and 37°C) where a slight decrease was observed (square in Fig. 1 ).
Through an analysis of large data sets combining global gene chip and RNA-seq data from multi-center studies (1520 cases of TNBC and 7072 cases of non-TNBC), it was finally concluded that, though PGK1 in TNBC had both high and low expression, PGK1 showed an overall trend of increased expression in TNBC.
Over the time duration investigated, there is an overall trend of the increasing number of papers both in the category of non-spatial approach and spatial modelling framework published, and the number of papers in the category of non-spatial approach was still high in 2018.
Recent research based on individuals with diabetes interviewed in the NHANES 1999–2008 shows an overall trend of improvement in CVD risk factors and, notably, reductions in the predicted 10-year risk of coronary heart disease ( 16 ), but some findings show that socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic disparities persist ( 14 – 18 ).
Spectral reflectance of full band The average spectral reflectance of each grain in the area of interest was calculated to draw the spectral reflectance curve, which showed an overall trend of “pair hook” with values ranging from 0.05 to 0.9, as shown in Fig. 4 (a).
These clinical outcome measures demonstrated an overall trend toward improvement until the chronic follow-up time point.
4 b, with an overall trend of decreased activity, as evidenced by the negative z-scores of the four major pathways comprising the oxidative phosphorylation (z-score = -1.134), eukaryotic translation initiation factor (EIF2) signalling (z-score = -1.134), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling (z-score = -1.414) and the sirtuin signalling pathways (z-score = -0.378).
There was an overall trend towards reduction in gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preterm birth, and intrauterine death with intervention compared with control.
Therefore, an overall trend test, Cochran‐Armitage two‐sided test, was used to assess significant changes in the prevalence of subtypes of CVD over time.
Taken as a group, there was an overall trend towards improvement in the MCS score of the SF36 which corresponds with the patient's subjective reports of improvement.
Interestingly, we observed an overall trend of increased insulin action in Gcg –/– mice compared with controls ( Figure 5, H–K ).
It remains to be seen whether this is a true paradigm shift or anomalous increase in an overall trend towards lower utilization since 2012. 9 Aggregate VNS implantation significantly declined 19% and median center implantations significantly declined, continuing the trend from the previous decade. 9 This may have been exacerbated by the temporary restriction on outpatient nonurgent procedures.
For the community structure indices (SES.MFD and SES.MPD), most values were negative, indicating an overall trend of functional and phylogenetic clustering, where species tend to be more similar in traits and evolutionary lineage.
The mass loss of livestock and poultry meat during boiling showed an overall trend of rising and then leveling off with time.
This may reflect advances in perioperative care and surgical techniques, as observed in more recent prospective [ 23 , 28 , 42 , 43 ] and randomised studies [ 21 ], suggesting an overall trend toward improved contemporary outcomes.
While these trends varied slightly among the six countries investigated, an overall trend of decreasing intention to use LA-PrEP with decreasing affordability was evident in all countries.
For the LSCO layer, an overall trend of increased c LSCO is observed as t LSCO decreased, which can be caused by a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies and Co 2+ ions at the LSCO/LSMO interface 19 , 24 which have a larger radius than Co 3+ and Co 4+ ions (high-spin octahedral coordinated Co 2+ : 88.5 pm, low-spin octahedral coordinated Co 3+ : 68.5 pm, high-spin octahedral coordinated Co 4+ : 67 pm). 40 , 41 The detailed information regarding Co ion spin and valence states is discussed later in this article.
Changes in plant hormones and flavonoids under dark treatment The content of abscisic acid (ABA) showed an overall trend of increase during dark treatment and reached the maximum on 6 days (Fig. 8A ).
Among those in the Other or Unknown race category, rates increased nearly 5-fold. Due to low case numbers, annual female rate variability was high during the entire surveillance period, but there was an overall trend of consistent decline among all age groups.
As indicated by the proportion of individuals in each risk factor category, an overall trend of clustering of risk factors in private school students was observed.
There was an overall trend for increasing levels of inactivity and a reduction in vigorous activity.