marginally non-significantP =0.057
Contrary to expectation, larvae inhabiting a brood ball that was manipulated by a larva of the same species tended to take longer to develop compared with those in brood balls manipulated by a different species, although this effect was marginally non-significant (Tukey-adjusted comparisons between modified conspecific versus heterospecific ABBs estimate±s.e.=3.01±1.16 days, P =0.057).