Excerpts

In this study, the difference between male and female only reached borderline significance for control subjects.

Our results show an increasing trend of smoking rates and decreasing rates of smoking cessation even for moderate levels of psychological distress, consistent with the idea that mental disorders of mild and moderate severity are significant risk factors for smoking and inhibitors of smoking cessation [ 13 ].

Generally, a decreasing trend on PMMR in China was detected with the PMMR during the 1996-2000 period, which was higher than that during the 2001-2005 period.

Further analyses showed a trend towards a moderator effect of perceived environmental sensitivity on the relation between perceived proximity to BS and NSPS.

Still, the effect of actual distance in our study was increased considerably in the fourth model and almost reached borderline significance.

The results were similar to those in men, although the multivariable models showed a marginally significant decrease in the MRR of area-level stress.

Interestingly, there seemed to be a inverse trend between reaction time and the number of years of driving experience, but the direct comparison among driving license categories was not or only borderline significant (data not shown).

Notably, either BAC at the entry and at the exit remained highly significant in all models even when the number of alcohol units declared was included.

The results of the first model were substantially confirmed: an increase in BAC was significantly associated with an increase in reaction time; and the increase of BAC between the entry and the exit from the recreational site caused a lower augment of reaction time among the males, who also showed a lower reaction time than females (although of borderline significance).

Logistic regression models (Table 2 ) show that compared to never smokers, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of reporting high to very high levels of psychological distress was significantly greater for current smokers (model 4: OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.24-1.69); and marginally significant for ex-smokers (aOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00-1.39).

Low income, which was associated with exposure to both types of domestic violence, was close to the level of significance, as was living in an intimate partnership, which reduced the risk of psychological violence and physically violent behaviour.

These comparisons were both highly significant using independent t-tests.

One item - linking obesity to access to poor foods - showed to be a highly significant predictor for support of all three policies.

For the school ecosystem, feeling safe at school was a significant protective factor for wellbeing, depressive symptoms, and suicide attempts, and approaching significance for suicide thoughts.

With regard to age group, an increasing trend was observed in the younger age group (1–4 years), while a decreasing trend was observed in the older age group (5–9 years).

The age effect on the prevalence of mumps exhibited a clear trend of increasing from 1 to 6 years of age, followed by a slight decline and then a resurgence at 9 years of age, which was comparable to the prevalence observed at 3 years of age.

A clear trend of escalating myopia prevalence with advancing grade level, especially around the transition from lower to upper primary grades.

Questions remain about whether this benefit could also be observed in Hong Kong, where adult smoking prevalence was among the lowest globally (9.9% in 2023), yet secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home remains disproportionally high among adolescents at 29.8% [ 32 ] and has shown an increasing trend in recent years [ 33 ].

In contrast, Shanghai consistently had the lowest prevalence, showing a decreasing trend over the study period.

Global trends in neonatal disorders before and during the COVID-19 pandemic Globally, the incidence rates of neonatal disorders shifted from a declining trend during the pre-pandemic period (2000–2019: EAPC = −0.68%, 95% CI: −0.74 to −0.62) to an increasing trend during the pandemic period (2019–2021: EAPC = 0.17%%, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.22) (Table 3 and Fig. 4 ).

A clear trend is observed across the quartiles for several variables.

However, the ASRs for these metrics exhibited a decreasing trend, indicating that while the absolute number of cases is rising, the rate at which they occur is declining.

Temporal trend from 1990 to 2021 From 1990 to 2021, the number of cases for epilepsy attributable to alcohol use in adults over 40 years old showed an increasing trend.

As can be seen from Table 2 , variables with practically significant (>0.5) varimax loadings [ 16 ] were used to establish logical units (WE and GWA).

The AAPC was calculated as a weighted average of APCs across the entire study period to provide an overall trend estimate.