Excerpts

In people with burnout, light therapy showed a trend in reducing the symptoms more compared to a waiting list group [ 7 ].

Both equations performed well, with adjusted R squared of 0.98 for the hospitals equation and 0.99 for the health centers equation, and highly significant F-statistics.

Strengths and limitations In this paper, we showed a trend over a five-year study period.

The treatment of water showed a trend towards a protective effect but this was not statistically significant (OR 0.31 (0.09–1.04), p = 0.06).

Even though a decreasing trend was seen, ALA is still responsible for significant morbidity.

EMR motor vehicle occupants show an increasing trend and in 2015 are approximately 3-fold higher on average compared to globally.

The association between the percentage of children under 1 year and case-control parishes showed an association, but it was only marginally significant after adjustment for socioeconomic characteristics.

There are likely to be significant health gains from repairing properties as soon as possible and from increasing access to effective psychological services.

The costs and time required for intervention development and set up is likely to be significant.

HIV prevalence among FSW in Guigang City fell into two periods, one with an increasing trend (2008–2011) and one with a decline (2012–2015).

Although population stress data are unavailable prior to 2001, there appears to be a decreasing trend for high to very high stress.

Highest mortality was due to cardiovascular diseases followed by cancer and diabetes and all three showed an increasing trend.

Overall, the crude death rate due to the four NCDs had increased from 2·8 to 3·4 during the study period, while ASMR failed to show a clear trend from 2001 to 2010.

Russian men showed a trend towards economic inactivity being a risk factor for binge drinking although this finding did not reach statistical significance.

Results Breakpoint analysis revealed an estimated breakpoint around the year 2013 for the proportion of HBP patients, the following year there was a decreasing trend, however it was not significant.

A likelihood ratio (LR) test comparing the empty model to an ordinary logistic regression model was highly significant for the data.

Van Oyen and colleagues concluded that smoking kills and shortens both life without and life with disability in Belgium [ 29 ] and Yokota and colleagues showed an increasing trend of the disability prevalence and different contributors to the disability burden across smoking categories in Belgium [ 30 ].

For Q1, unemployment presented a borderline significance.

Medians were slightly higher in informal urban areas, although only a borderline significant difference was found for women (Table 2 ).

Adjusted odds of quit status and medication use Unadjusted and adjusted results were similar (Table 2 ), although odds ratios comparing referral types were changed slightly, with marginally significant comparisons becoming non-significant and vice versa.

Considering the high number of individuals in our data, the result is likely to be highly significant although we are unable to tests the statistical significance.

Factors suggesting higher socio-demographic status were risk factors for MTCT (flush toilet, mother self-employed (borderline significant).

Receipt of maternal ART and infant antiretroviral prophylaxis according to Rwanda EMTCT protocol was a highly significant protective factor against MTCT (OR 0.01; 95%CI 0.001–0.17), while variables suggesting inadequate antiretroviral treatment/prophylaxis were all significant risk factors (No referral for ART, started of ART after delivery, and start of infant Nevirapine after 72 h).

Discussion In our reviews of the outputs of the surveys conducted in Kaduna state involving > 90,000 children between July 2015 and June 2016, we found an increasing trend of fully or appropriately immunized children from 67% in quarter 3 2015 to 76% in quarter 2 2016.The use of these routine surveys results to guide various routine immunization intensification activities has also shown to have a positive impact on routine immunization coverage in Kaduna with an increase of Penta 3 coverage data from 90% before the use of these survey data to 134% by the end of June 2016.This result is similar to documented variance with survey data seen to be less than administrative values in South Sudan [ 22 ].

Targeting children aged 1–5 years with OPV showed an increasing trend (Fig. 2 ); it had consistently gone beyond 90% for the period of implementation, with coverage above 100% in April to June and July to September 2015, due to influx of more clients from outside the planned catchment areas to access treatment, which was provided free of charge.