Excerpts

The study revealed an increasing trend in domestic violence against married Zimbabwean women.

Furthermore, our results showed a significant trend toward higher daily breakfast intake when parents were satisfied with their children’s breakfast and that most parents believed that having breakfast can improve the academic performance of children.

There was a decreasing trend of physical fitness index from the years 2014 to 2016 ( P for trend < 0.01).

There is a decreasing trend in hazard ratios for IMD quintiles from most deprived category to least deprived: 0.74 (95%CI 0.59–0.92) for the second more deprived quintile through to 0.55 (95%CI 0.41–0.74) for the least deprived quintile.

The significant post-implementation time interaction term indicates a negative trend in odds of recording ASK which counteracted the positive pre-implementation time trend before the NRS implementation.

The association of short-term PM 2.5 exposure levels with the incidence of acute respiratory failure (adjusted OR [odds ratio] =1.31, 95% CI [confidence interval]1.12–1.54) and acute kidney injury (adjusted OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.41) showed a significant trend.

Highly significant differences exist in the slopes between 0.1 and 0.9 quantiles.

Having cancer is associated with a higher probability of having cerebrovascular diseases (by 5 percentage points) and the interaction effect is 6 percentage at borderline significance, which again could more than compensate the positive comorbid disease effect. 17 In columns (3), we predict the probability of having comorbid heart problems with cerebrovascular disease (the reversed case as in column 1).

Having a view on the explanatory variable place of residence we find that women residing in urban areas were significantly more likely to use the contraceptive method before first birth as compared to those residing in rural areas and the difference is highly significant.

This data clearly shows a decreasing trend in age at marriage but still a larger section is married before 18 years.

We report significance levels, p < 0.05 significant, p < 0.001 highly significant and 95% confidence intervals.

Participants in the experimental Arm B (face-to-face and Internet lesson) showed an increase in favorable attitudes toward hearing conservation approaching significance at 3 months (Table 3 ).

Cohort effect The cohort effect continuously decreased in China, and a decreasing trend was also observed in U.S. with exception of 1902–1906 and 1907–1921 birth cohort (Fig. 3 c, Tables 1 and 2 ).

The three independent effects were presented: Age effect Age effect on the mortality showed an increasing trend in both China and U.S. adults (Fig. 3 a, Tables 1 and 2 ).

Examining the interaction between roof type and the vaccine delivered little of interest, although there was potentially an increase in efficacy in the first 18 months among those with metal roofs (versus grass); the comparison was borderline significant.

Vegetation cover did not alter the efficacy of the fourth dose in a statistically or practically significant manner.

A decreasing trend with age was observed for the prevalence of current smoking in both rural and urban males, and for heavy drinking in urban males from 55 to 65 years, and in rural males from 60 to 70 years.

An increasing trend with age was observed in the prevalence of physical inactivity across all participants.

For men, this value is 72.6 years, for women 79.7 years, both showing an increasing trend [ 9 ].

Comparing total activities across all domains of GPAQ with accelerometer-moderate activity ( R = 0.40) and with accelerometer vigorous values ( R = 0.24), modest significance was found.

In contrast, the ASIR was in a decreasing trend if the EAPC estimation and the upper boundary of its 95% CI were both < 0%; otherwise, the ASIR was deemed to be uncertain over time.

In the present study, the ASIR was deemed to be in an increasing trend if the EAPC and the lower boundary of its 95% CI were both > 0%.

Since smoothing the data revealed a decreasing trend, four of the time-series models (Linear, Quadratic, Exponential and Autoregressive forecasting) were tested to find out which model best explained the trend.

As noted in the last column, this difference is highly significant.

This conclusion confirms previous research that the increased population density increases the burden of TB [ 17 , 18 ].With the increase of such indicators, the registered incidence shows an increasing trend.