Excerpts

Despite the disappearance of significant differences after additional adjustment for lean mass (model 2) (partial corr, -0.150; p=0.058) and MVPA (model 3) (partial corr, -0.152; p=0.056), there was a trend toward significance in both models.

The trend in the prevalence of insomnia was slightly u-shaped; a decreasing trend was seen after the study period 1979–1982, but then the prevalence began to increase again in the latest study periods (Figure 1 ).

Also observed was that the use of knowledge brokers along with access to the online registry of pre-processed research evidence showed a trend towards a positive effect when organizational research culture was perceived at baseline as low.

We detected a clear trend where partners had similar levels of education, which is consistent with the findings of other recent studies [ 3 , 10 ].

Among obese women, however, again no significant differences were found except that those with a high educational level had marginally significant higher odds of dissatisfaction than those with the lowest level of education.

As in many other countries, the attractive and colorful packaging of these foods, despite their poor nutritional values, is one factor inducing change in Iranian children’s food choices [ 28 ], a change reflected in an increasing trend toward fast foods and high calorie snacks.

An increasing trend was also observed in the average number of pageviews per visit especially during the latter half of the assessment period.

While there is a clear trend to try to understand the complexity of and dynamic relationships between elements of health systems, there is also a demand to provide frameworks that distinguish between health system interventions, and that allow mapping with a view of analysing their returns.

This heralds a worrying trend in Malaysia since at present more than a quarter of its population is aged 15 and below [ 35 ].

Participants with a high school education or greater were more likely to hold this belief and, while only marginally significant, we observed several other effects of higher levels of education on beliefs targeted by the text4baby messages, as noted above.

Three studies [ 27 , 29 , 31 ] reported on the effect of a combined intervention on the incidence of caesarean section, and all showed a trend toward decreased prevalence but this was not large enough to be statistically significant.

In fact, two out of three men are overweight and one of every six is obese, with a clear trend to increase in the forthcoming years [ 3 ].

On the other hand, prevalence of undernutrition showed an increasing trend between 6 to 18 months of age, decreasing thereafter at 24 months (Figure 2 B).

Together, these findings suggest a decreasing trend in the burden of childhood diseases over the years in this region, possibly due to better access to health care, although the overall disease burden still remains high.

Time trend analysis will be applied to test for a possible trend pattern.

A negative trend in self-rated health with gradually poorer self-ratings observed in later years of investigation was recently reported, based on data from the same study population [ 29 ].

Cuzick’s non-parametric test for trend was used to assess whether a significant trend was evident for LTPA across increasing environment score categories and across increasing psychosocial score categories.

Conclusions Our study provided much important information concerning hepatitis B and C prevalence and risk factors; it confirmed the intermediate endemicity for HCV infection and pointed to a decreasing trend of HBV incidence, which might reclassify Morocco in low HBV endemicity area.

The multivariate logistic regression analyses in Table 5 reveal that the level of action planning at baseline only predicted smoking cessation for smokers motivated to quit within a month at the first follow-up, and had only a borderline significant effect on smoking cessation for the total population at the first follow-up.

PA trends by country and over time In our review, there was a slightly increasing trend towards recommended PA levels in older people in Australia and the US over the last 10 years but a decrease in Brazil.

The rates showed an increasing trend with age for both diabetes incidence (from 405 per 100,000 in the 25–34 year age group to 5085 per 100,000 in the ≥75 year age group), and diabetes mortality rate (from 0 to 1120 per 100,000 in the 25–34 year and the ≥75 year age groups, respectively).

Differences in mean levels of engagement between various occupational groups might be significant, but relatively small and they almost never exceed the size of one standard deviation [ 4 ].

Conclusions No reduction was observed in the incidence trends of invasive cancer of the uterine cervix; however, there has been an increasing trend in the number of in situ lesions with a consequent decline in mortality rates.

This trend was not quite statistically significant among couples in which both partners were HIV-negative, with the proportion of individual HCT increasing from 56.4% in 2003/04 to 58.5% in 2005/06 and decreasing to 53.9% in 2006/08, and 54.1% in 2008/09 ( χ 2 for trend = 3.61; P = 0.06).

Furthermore, adjusted BMI level of sons and daughters showed an increasing trend across families with more overweight/obese parents, and similar trend was observed for SBP and DBP.