Excerpts

Parabacteroides was significantly correlated, positively, with TNF- α and IL-1β ( p < 0.05); Synergistota exhibited a significantly negative correlation with IL-6 and MDA, and a highly significant positive correlation with NO ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); Spirochaetota was significantly correlated, positively, with T-AOC, and significantly negatively correlated with MDA ( p < 0.01); Muribaculaceae showed a significantly negative correlation with IL-6 ( p < 0.05); Tannerellaceae had a significantl

Effect of inoculation on plant biomass, relative effectiveness and crop yield Genotype (G) response was highly significant ( P < 0.05) at all harvests of 60, 80, and 120 DAS.

To select highly significant associations, overall networks were constructed using correlations that were significant ( p < 0.05) with strong positive ( r > 0.6) or strong negative ( r < −0.6) coefficients.

Notably, co-treatment with SBC5-3 + TNF-α demonstrated a decreasing trend in the p-IKKα/β to IKKα/β ratio at 5 and 15 min ( P > 0.05).

Moreover, the divergence between the two groups was highly significant ( P < 0.05).

Reduced diversity of HIV gut microbiota compared to healthy individuals In the PWH group, the Chao1 ( Supplementary Figure 2A ) and Shannon ( Supplementary Figure 2B ) indices showed a decreasing trend compared to the HC group ( p -values< 0.05).

Bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers showed a decreasing trend along the succession age ( P < 0.05), which had a significant correlation with TC ( r = 0.717, P < 0.001).

3.2.2 Chemical composition of corn stover As shown in Table 5 , with prolonged fermentation time, the dry matter (DM) content of all groups exhibited a decreasing trend ( p < 0.05), while the DM content in the MJ group was significantly higher than that in the other groups ( p < 0.05).

In addition, compared with those in the NC group, the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 exhibited a decreasing trend after the D-GalN injection, which was improved by pretreatment with the B. cereus supplement ( P < 0.05) ( Figure 1B ).

Interestingly, incubation at 65 °C demonstrated temperature-dependent phage activity, with differential heat tolerance among the phages resulting in highly significant differences in their titers ( p < 0.05).

A negative trend in other immune-related tissues was found, especially in the BF ( P < 0.05) ( Figure 3 ).

The significant and highly significant differences were set as p < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively.

The correlation was highly significant ( p < 0.05) and with Spearman’s rho >0.6 and <−0.6 were considered to be correlated and selected for network analysis.

Statistical differences were declared as significant and highly significant at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.

An increasing trend was also observed in the Chao1 richness estimates of HFI compared to HFC group (6274 ± 1299 vs. 4434 ± 1273; p = 0.0503).

The effect of rice genotype was almost significant for all indices (Figure 1 , p = 0.051).

Another isolate, D4T4, showed a trend of increasing ammonium production without nitrate addition (i.e., a probiotic treatment, p = 0.051).

A further three genera approached significance for lower abundance in JFX, Prevotellaceae YAB2003 group ( p = 0.051), Colidextribacter ( p = 0.051) and Eubacterium cellulosolvens group ( p = 0.052).

Dietary treatment also influenced the microbiota, showing a trend toward significance for Shannon diversity ( p = 0.051; Figures 2A , B ) and a significant effect on richness as estimated by Chao1 ( p = 0.038; Figures 2D , E ).

However, the near-significant reduction in phylogenetic diversity (PD whole tree, P = 0.051) hints at a potential loss of evolutionary complexity that warrants investigation in larger cohorts.

Serum Biochemical Indices Birds in T group had an increasing trend ( P = 0.051) of serum IgY level with an elevated ( P < 0.05) serum IgM level at 3 DPI than those in PC group ( Table 4 ).

For ICU admission, the primary analysis showed a trend toward a lower probability of admission in the group of interest (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.15–1.00; p = 0.051).

plantarum PFM105 treatment showed a trend toward increased villus length over the antibiotic treatment ( P = 0.0518) in the ileum ( Table 2 ), while it had little effect on crypt depth and the ratio of villus to crypt in the ileum.

With Jaccard dissimilarity, the only significant variable or interaction was the interaction among biotype, host plant species, and host cultivar, although the interaction of biotype and host plant species was almost significant ( p = 0.052) ( Table 7 ).

However, we observed an increasing trend between smoking and the P metacommunity after clustering of the N metacommunities (chi-squared test, p = 0.052; Supplementary Figure 3B ).