Excerpts

The BW 0 d and BW 140 d in the TNH group were significantly higher than those in the HH group ( p < 0.001), while weaning weight showed an increasing trend compared to the HH group ( p = 0.099).

However, a decreasing trend in the ACE and Chao1 estimators reflecting the microbiota richness was observed in the OA group (0.05 < P < 0.10).

The relative abundance of Basidiomycota gradually declined as the altitude increased to 4,200 m, while that of Ascomycota showed an increasing trend at this elevation range ( p < 0.1) ( Supplementary Table S2 ).

Interestingly, T-AOC showed a trend with increased alfalfa content (0.05 < p < 0.10), and MDA was significantly lower than the other treatments ( p < 0.05).

And the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group , and Prevotella_1 in treatment IV had an increasing trend when compared to the control group ( p < 0.10) ( Figure 3E ).

Individual paths were estimated using maximum likelihood and we considered paths to be significant at P < 0.05 and marginally significant at P < 0.10 ( Hurlbert and Lombardi, 2009 ).

Similarly, the TRE2 group showed a trend toward reduced the diarrhea rate in 2 nd week ( p < 0.10) and significantly decreased average diarrhea rate compared to CON- ( p < 0.05), with no statistically significant difference observed between CON+ and TRE2 ( p > 0.05).

TE had no significant differences ( R = 0.20, P < 0.10) between H and L groups but showed more marginally significant differences than H and L groups in RE ( R = 0, P > 0.10) and SE ( R = 0.09, P > 0.10) communities.

Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05, and a trend toward significance was considered at 0.05 ≤ P < 0.10.

Pearson correlation analysis of Western Basin samples showed weakly significant correlations ( p < 0.1) between the proportion of surface associated extracellular P and several environmental variables, including SRP, POC, PON, and SiO 2 (Table 3 ).

Differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05, and a tendency toward significance considered at 0.05 ≤ P < 0.10.

The relative abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 group and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group showed a linear increase ( p < 0.05) and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 showed an increasing trend ( p < 0.10) with the dietary energy level increased, while the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae UCG-002 showed a linear decrease ( p < 0.05) and Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group showed a decreased trend ( p < 0.10) with the dietary energy level increased ( Supplementary Table S3 ).

For the antioxidant parameters ( Table 7 ), GOD1200 significantly increased the SOD activity ( P < 0.05) and showed a trend toward a lower level of MDA content (0.05 ≤ P < 0.1) compared with Ctr on day 21.

A tendency toward significance was considered at 0.05 ≤ P < 0.1, and the statistical significance was stated based on the value of P of < 0.05 (Granato et al., 2014 ).

A significant trend was noted when 0.05 ≥ p > 0.10.

Growth performance As shown in Table 4 , the ADG and F/G of the HS treatment showed a decreasing trend compared with the TN treatment (0.05 < P < 0.1); however, no difference was noticed in the ADFI among the three treatments.

At the genus level in Table 9 , the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum, norank_f__UCG-011 , Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group , and UCG-005 in the HS treatment showed a decreasing trend ( P < 0.01), and the relative abundance of norank_f__Bifidobacteriaceae performed an increasing trend compared with the TN treatment ( P < 0.1).

Statistical significance was defined at P < 0.05, and trending toward significance was defined at 0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.1.

Consistent with enhanced A/S biosynthesis, expression levels of two key genes (HMGR and LePGT1), as estimated by qRT-PCR, increased significantly ( p < 0.05) in R-73072 challenged roots as compared to non-inoculated roots, while that of LeCYP76B101 was marginally significant ( p < 0.1; Supplementary Figure 1 ).

The BH procedure ( Benjamini and Hochberg, 1995 ) was used for multiple comparisons and treatment effects were declared significant at P < 0.05 and a trend toward significance at 0.05 ≤ P < 0.10.

There were no significant differences between the W group and FW group, but the latter had an increasing trend in ADG (0.05 < P < 0.1).

It also showed a trend toward reducing IgY content ( P < 0.10).

The butyrate-producing genus Blautia and Faecalibacterium in the XOS500 group displayed an increasing trend compared to the CTC and CON group (0.05 < P < 0.1), while no significant differences were observed among the three groups ( Supplementary Figure 3 ).

The relative abundance of the Bacteroides phylum showed an increasing trend following FMT and CMT treatments ( P < 0.1), while the relative abundances of the Firmicutes ( P < 0.05) and Proteobacteria ( P < 0.05) phyla were reduced at day 28 after the transplantation ( Figure 6B ).

bifidum TMC3108 also showed a trend ( p -value <0.1) toward a larger reduction on the levels of Clostridium cluster XIVa in the OB than in NW group.