Excerpts

According to the repeated measures ANOVA, all three SCFAs showed an increasing trend over the intervention period, but the original relative proportions among the different SCFAs present in the basal level T0 were maintained.

Other taxa showed a trend toward decreasing only in the T0–T14d comparison, but not when T0 was compared to T28d.

In contrast, the DOC concentration of the LOM treatment groups maintained an increasing trend.

For bacterial communities, the main effect of treatments and infection status and their interaction on beta-diversity were highly significant (Adonis) for rhizosphere soil.

At 72 dpi, VPE expression showed a decreasing trend, while the expression of MCA and PLCP showed an increasing trend in susceptible cultivars.

A value of P < 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance, whereas a P -value between 0.05 and 0.10 was considered to indicate a trend toward significance.

As shown in Figure 5A , both Chao1 and Shannon indices showed a decreasing trend, especially in CTP.

Different from LMW fractions, the content of MMW and HMW fractions showed an increasing trend, and reached the maximum 5.47 and 1.38% on day 170, respectively.

Regarding differences according to treatment, p < 0.05 was taken to indicate significance and 0.05 < p < 0.1 was considered to indicate a trend toward significance.

Opsonophagocytic activity antibody responses before the booster dose showed a decreasing trend, in terms of both the proportion of OPA antibody responders and OPA GMTs.

cerevisiae strains, showing a decreasing trend and an undetectable cell activity in the later stages of fermentation.

circinelloides showed a decreasing trend, while PMG showed a decreasing trend first and then increasing.

Differences in the prediction of gene clusters, as well as similarities in particular segments to compare, showed a trend for bacterial relatedness which reinforces the results from the polyphasic characterization, multilocus sequence typing, and full genome sequencing analyses.

We found highly significant positive correlations between 16S and metagenomic relative abundances of eight biomarkers ranging from 0.641 to 0.942 with an average of 0.808 ( Table 2 ).

In summary, our study shows that a gyrB mutation, even located outside of the QRDR and conferring a barely significant resistance level, can significantly increase persistence against ciprofloxacin.

One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test was used to compare the viable counts of bacteria in the various culture media between different days of antibiotic exposure with P values of <0.05 and <0.01 set to represent significant and highly significant differences, respectively.

showed an increasing trend from five days post-initiation of FFC treatment, reached the maximum level at five days post-withdrawal, and then showed a decreasing trend ( Figure 6E ).

P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant and P < 0.01 was considered extremely significant.

In general, Chao1 index exhibited a decreasing trend, with G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 being reduced to 63.17, 29.93, 34.82, 33.45, and 50.13% that of G0.

The PC–DFA scores plots also displayed a clear trend for the induced samples according to the gene copy number from N0–N6, which was confirmed and illustrated in the findings of all the three separate batch cultures, highlighting the reproducibility of the whole process ( Supplementary Figure S6 ).

Using the established optimum concentration of hemin (60 μM), an increasing trend of Cyt b 5 content was detected and correlated directly with increasing gene copy numbers, as shown in Figure 5C .

Five of the active strains showed highly significant protection of potato leaves against the pathogen in leaf disc assays, as well as substantial reduction of disease progress in full plants assays.

The role of environmental conjugation may be significant in the increase in conjugation identified with age as the transit time in the gut and volume of defecation varies with the age of nematodes ( Portal-Celhay et al., 2013 ).

Similarly, Bacteroides and Ileibacterium abundance showed an increasing trend in the B. longum-Endo group.

The biofilm formation could be observed from 24 h of inoculation, which consistently showed an increasing trend up to 96 h.