Excerpts

Effect of Osmotic Stress on Levels of Lipid Peroxidation The contents of MDA, H 2 O 2 , OH • and O 2 •- of both varieties presented an increasing trend with increasing exposure to osmotic stress.

The soluble protein and soluble sugar contents of both varieties showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the stress time increasing ( Figures 1A – D ).

Statistical comparisons between the control and treatment groups were conducted using Student's t -test or ANOVA, as well as Tukey's multiple comparisons test; p < 0.05 was considered significant, and p < 0.01 was considered highly significant.

The increase was smaller for BL (only ±0.4 cm) but highly significant.

Whilst irx9 showed a trend toward slight down regulation of xylan synthetic genes, and irx14 showed a general trend for a small increase, we inferred that the plants were likely not exactly developmentally matched.

The main outcome of girdling on the NSC content in coarse roots was a highly significant decrease in starch content irrespective of soil moisture treatment and GD, whereas soluble sugars were nearly always not significantly different from controls in both soil moisture treatments ( Figure 4 ).

We found that, during aging, the difference in SOD and POD activity was extremely significant between the melatonin-pretreated group and the control group.

( 2014 ) detected higher amounts of chlorogenic acid and cynarin than flavonoids in cardoon leaves, while they also observed an increasing trend for phenolic acids with plant development.

Furthermore, cytokinins and the most of gibberellins were both up-accumulated, whereas a clear trend could not be observed for auxins.

When exposed to continuous heat treatment, the expression level of TaASRP1 showed a decreasing trend ( Figure 10 ).

However, the change in the intercellular CO 2 concentration (Ci) showed a trend opposite to that of Pn ( Figure 4E ).

In the analysis of variance for the three traits, highly significant variations for genotypes (G) and environments (E) and significant variation for genotype-by-environment interaction were found (Table 3 ).

Up-regulation of CK levels at the stress onset (repeated twice during the stress progression) by induction of ipt expression or by application of stable aromatic CK meta -topolin, had highly significant positive effect on plant recovery after rehydration, diminishing the stress effects.

The growth-retarded quadruple mutants showed a trend for a decrease of the ratio of indolyl-3-methyl-GSL (I3M) and increase of the ratio of 4-methoxy-indolyl-3-methyl-GSL (1MI3M) although the change of 1MI3M in Q3;2 was not statistically significant.

In the present work, proline increased in both RL and FL samples under cold storage, while RH samples revealed a decreasing trend of this amino acid both under and after cold storage (Supplementary Figure S5A ).

Total soluble solids (TSS), higher at harvest in FL and RL as compared to RH, showed an increasing trend in FL and RL control fruit while in refrigerated samples no marked changes were observed.

amurensis leaves presented a decreasing trend.

amurensis taxa presented obvious declining trends, while the NPQ presented an overall trend of increasing first and then decreasing.

The SNW, NT, NW, and NH showed highly significant correlations with each other ( Table 4 ).

The differences between cultivars were highly significant for all the three plant parts, where “Red sonnet” was characterized by the greater dry weight (shoots +102%, leaves +81%, and flowers +96%) than “Yellow flower showers.” Plant total aboveground dry weight was significantly higher in both doses compared to the control: from 0 to 0.1 g L −1 dose dry weight increased by 15%, whereas from 0 to 0.2 g L −1 by 10%.

The photoperiod-insensitive allele PPD-A1-380 showed only a mildly significant effect compared to the insensitive allele PPD-A1-452 .

Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the variability among microenvironments for Fe and Zn may be significant, and most of the research presenting extremely high or low values of these mineral nutrients is based on single-year data; thus, the results are affected by a significant confounded influence of the sampling and environment.

Using a data matrix of 26,018 SNPs across 480 varieties, and a Bonferroni corrected P = 0.01 significance threshold (-log 10 P = 6.41), GWAS identified 30 highly significant markers associated with SnToxA sensitivity (Supplementary Table S2A ).

Fully developed flowers of CcMYB12 transgenic tobacco lines showed a high content of flavonols as kaempferol derivatives when compared to WT flowers, whereas a clear trend did not emerge for quercetin derivatives ( Figures 8E,F ).

This QTL became highly significant at around 136 DAS and reached its maximum statistical significance at 166DAS (Figure 4 ).