Excerpts

We identified four highly significant ( P < 0.05) major temporal expression profiles that showed consistent expression patterns in rice responsive to barnyardgrass co-cultivation ( Figure 6A , Supplementary Table S5 ).

ANOVA under optimum conditions Analyses of variance under optimum conditions revealed highly significant differences (P<0.05- P <0.01) among hybrids for all traits in both experiments ( P <0.05; Table 4 ).

For chlorophyll concentration, genotype and genotype × temperature interaction effects were highly significant (p<0.05) ( Table S2 ).

There was a marginally significant effect of planting date on the percentage of plants establishing in the field [F 1,9 = 5.4, p=5x10 -2 ] but not sowing date.

Highly significant (P ≤ 0.05) trends were noticed in the relation between carbon management index (CMI) and agronomic efficiency (AE tN , AE fN ), particularly for the wheat crop which is grown under relatively drier conditions than rice.

Differently, SV didn’t exhibit a clear trend with the increased altitude ( P >0.05, Figure 2C ).

SEA of the 174 SNP-associated gene models that had GO term assignments, revealed the enrichment of several GO categories (p < 0.05, Table 3 ), with two highly significant (Hochberg adjusted p < 0.05) and one trending toward enrichment (adj. p = 0.061) cellular process categories: defence response to fungus (GO:0050832), response to fungus (GO:0009620) and defence response (GO:0006952), respectively.

The highest correlations of color features in the three growth stages were obtained for 532 nm-VAR ( R = 0.39, p < 0.01), which reached extremely significant correlation, 461 nm-MEA ( R = 0.18, p < 0.05) and 522 nm-MEA ( R = −0.33, p < 0.05).

SOD and POD activities of WL + V group increased by 61.67 and 31.36%, 103.24 and 62.70%, 115.56 and 44.79% on days 7, 14, and 21, respectively, and showed a decreasing trend on day 28 ( Figures 1G , H ; p < 0.05).

In particular, summer T min exhibited an increasing trend (0.087°C/a, P < 0.05).

The thresholds for significant and highly significant differences were P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively. 3.

Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was implemented to evaluate variance components among groups and individuals ( Table 7 ), which showed highly significant differences ( P < 0.05).

Moreover, most tested soil physicochemical properties showed a decreasing trend from topsoil to the subsoil, whereas soil pH increased ( P < 0.05) with the soil depth, except for the EEGN site ( Table 3 ).

Effect of Stress on Fiber Yield and Quality Water-limited plots displayed a marginally significant ( P = 0.05) mean lint yield reduction compared to WW plots in 2019, but not in 2018 ( Table 1 ).

P < 0.01 indicates that the difference is extremely significant, and 0.01 < P < 0.05 indicates that the difference is significant.

Results AMMI Analysis The combined ANOVA analysis showed highly significant ( p ≤ 0.05) genotype differences over locations and seasons suggesting that both grain and fodder yields varied across the environments.

According to the results of the three-factor analysis of variance, the interaction between different breeds, different treatments, different breeds and different treatments had significant or extremely significant effects on the 19 traits in 3 years ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) ( Appendix Tables 5 – 7 ).

∗ Showed the comparatively significant differences with T -test ( p < 0.1, n = 3) and ∗∗ Showed the highly significant differences with T -test ( p < 0.05, n = 3).

The litter C:N ratio showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing with increasing sampling time at 6 and 10 years of recovery, and the value in October was markedly ( P< 0.05) greater than that in May ( Figure 5B ).

Analysis of Variance The combined ANOVA evaluated under well-watered and water-deficit stress conditions showed highly significant ( p ≤ 0.05) genotypic differences in the physiological parameters (plant height, leaves per plant, leaf area, RWC, MSI, and chlorophyll), biochemical traits (phenol, antioxidant enzyme activity, pyruvic acid, and TSS), yield components and all possible relationship among them ( Table 3 ).

Under the same P treatment, the CP, SOLP, NDIP and NPN contents showed an increasing trend with the increase of N fertilization (in the 2.50 – 6.81, 3.48 – 9.70, 2.75 – 5.89, and 4.56 – 14.09% ranges, respectively, p < 0.05), while the ADIP content showed a decreasing trend (in the 0.56 –5.06% range, p > 0.05).

However, the effect of bacterial species loss via dilution is only marginally significant ( P = 0.05) when both soils are analyzed together and not any more when the soils are analyzed separately.

Although the effects of soil depth and N fertilization on SRL were not significant, their interactive effect was marginally significant ( P = 0.05; Table 6 ), indicating that N fertilization affected SRL differently at different soil depths.

Markers with a p-value<0.01 were considered highly significant, markers with a p-value<0.05 were considered significant, markers with a p-value<0.1 were considered suggestive.

In particular, highly significant values, contributed by two of the three sources of variation (genotype, time, and concentration of metal), were observed in root treated with Cd ( P < 0.05).