At 48 h post treatment, mock treated plants showed a positive trend in 1-SST activity, suggesting a stress response elicited by the spraying treatment, whereas in ABA and ET treated plants, 1-SST activity was below (ET) or remained at the level of control plants (ABA).
This reversibility is thus of limited biological significance, but it might be significant in in vitro experiments where donor ADP-Glc is depleted, in which case re-mobilization of glucose monomers by the action of SSs can be expected.
branch angle genetic variation association mapping multiple environments candidate genes The National Key Basic Research Program 2011CB1093 National Hightech R & D Program 2011AA10A104 Natural Science Foundation of China 10.13039/501100001809 31471535 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province 10.13039/501100003819 2014CFB156 The two-way ANOVA showed that differences among the lines in the branch angle were highly significant.
Studies on Luffa seedlings showed an increasing trend in GR activity with an increasing concentration of As (Singh et al., 2015 ).
There were highly significant correlations in both Nure and Tremois between RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR results (Figure S3 ), indicating the high reliability of RNA-Seq data in the current study.
Alanine (Figure 2 ) content showed a similar behavior in both hypoxic conditions, with a rapid increase at 3 DIA, reaching the highest resonance values at 10 DIA in 0.4ox sample followed by a decreasing trend.
An interesting trend was observed concerning the evolution of uridine which showed increasing levels starting at 17 DIA in the Nox apples.
Interestingly, in the Nox sample, PDC expression showed an increasing trend after 17 DIA throughout the experimental period, similarly to ACS and ACO genes, thus possibly in relation to the slow evolution of ripening under normoxic conditions.
The gene density around SSSP-coding genes was too variable to establish a clear trend in the context of lifestyles.
However, besides a weak trend of HvAGPS2 mRNA levels to decrease under low K and drought stress, there were no consistent differences between the two lines ( Figures 3A,B ).
The identification of highly significant differences in disease reactions between specific isolates against specific cultivars in the phenotyping experiments provides opportunity for further study into the genetic differences involved.
After salt treatment, the heat shock protein transcript abundance increased more than 6-fold in Zhongmu-1, whereas that of Jemalong A-17 showed no significant changes, but did exhibit an increasing trend (Figure 5 ).
The transcript abundance of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase-like protein decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) after salt treatment in Zhongmu-1, whereas that of Jemalong A-17 did not significantly change, though there was a decreasing trend (Figure 5 ).
NIL-Z-7A-5, which was introgressed with the upper segment of the 7AS target region, exhibited between 32 and 45% advantage over the recurrent parent in GY and TotDM (significant for WW and nearly significant for WL) coupled with 6–9 days delayed DP-H, consistently across the two years (Table 3 , Figure 2C ).
The statistical significance of numerical differences remain inflated, however, so it would be judicious to treat any marginally significant results with caution and rather interpret effect sizes rather than P -values per se (see discussion by Ellison et al., 2014 ).
There were significant differences in eight amino acids due to water stress including four essential amino acids: isoleucine, leucine, threonine, and valine and four non-essential amino acids: asparagine, glutamic acid, proline (marginally significant), and tyrosine ( Table 3 ).
In the subsequent QTL analysis, we found a number of SNP markers that were closely linked to important horticultural traits, with highly significant p values and -log10 ( p ) values of ≥3.0.
Correlation coefficients between grain yield and PPI were positive and highly significant under drought conditions (Table 3 ).
In the pairwise comparison of the different families, the family 2860 showed a higher frequency of IADFs type L compared with family 2818, and between family 2514 and 2860, it was marginally significant (Table 3 , Figure 6 ).
The site showed a marginal significance in the frequency of IADFs type L+.
Research done on the rhizosphere of the pea plant has shown that incredibly significant differences in the rhizosphere microbial community may be occurring at the domain or kingdom level where the pea plant supports a higher eukaryotic population compared to prokaryotes ( Turner et al., 2013 ).
Consequently, as occurs with Ca 2+ ions, the BA transport by the apoplastic flux at sites may be significant where lateral roots penetrate the endodermis.
Solute content showed only few statistically significant differences between the regions (Table 3 , Figure 3B ), and a decreasing trend with increasing sample age (Table 3 ).
Finally, we found a negative trend between temperature range and P 50 in the three provenance trials ( Figure 3 ).
For joint coincidences between negative oak SRV events and pairs of meteorological variables (Figure S4 ), the results are hardly significant in general.