Excerpts

Overall, a decreasing trend was observed in all the complementary feeding indicators except INTRO from 2007 to 2014, but a substantial increase in MDD, MMF and MAD was noted in 2017–2018.

(2) During 2016–2017, except for the decline in information flow in Xianyang and Shangluo, the information flow in other cities showed an increasing trend.

The whole information flow in GPUA showed a trend of increasing fluctuations in the early study period and gradually decreasing in the later study period.

Currently, the trend of an ageing society in China is becoming increasingly serious, and despite the tradition of preferring community-based home care for elderly individuals, there is an increasing trend of residential separation between children and parents.

Stage 1 (%) showed a trend towards a significant effect of Group, with actors displaying less Stage 1 than non-actors (mean difference = −0.080).

However, the ratio in central and eastern regions experienced a decreasing trend as time passed by while the western and southern regions showed an increasing trend.

Among them, grains and cereals, vegetables, and fruits of plant origin foods showed a decreasing trend over time.

The χ 2 difference between the original model and the constrained model (Δ χ 2 (1) = 205.74) was significant at p < 0.001, indicating that the mediation effect was highly significant.

If the positive energy of “old age gain” can balance the negative energy of “old age loss”, the development of aging is a positive trend, i.e., successful aging [ 13 ].

As a large amount of cropland and forest land were occupied by the built-up land expansion, the ecosystem services value of cropland and forest land showed a decreasing trend during the study period, in which the loss of forest land was the largest (USD 1.00 billion), and the loss of cropland was the largest (2.96%).

During the study period, the value of ecosystem services in Hubei province increased from USD 118.08 billion in 1995 to USD 119.93 billion in 2015, showing an overall trend of growth.

Overall, the total value of ESV in Hubei province increased by USD 1.84 billion in 20 years, and the total ESV showed an increasing trend from 1995 to 2010.

The results showed that the provision of ecosystem services in Hubei province showed a positive trend from 1995 to 2010, and the ecology in the eastern region was recovering.

It is worth noting that the changes in incidence rates depend on the nature of the lesion, with an increasing trend for benign salivary gland tumors (from 5.4 to 8.2), and a decreasing trend for malignant tumors (from 2.2 to 1.4) between 2010 and 2019.

Conclusions Our study in a large sample of Italian adults shows that, even though in a marginally non-significant way, PR score is associated with all-cause mortality.

However, at a borderline non-significant way, PR predicts all-cause mortality in a general population of Italian adults.

Its test statistic Z is: (3) Z c = S − 1 var ( S ) , S > 0 0 , S = 0 S + 1 var ( S ) , S < 0 (4) var ( S ) = [ n ( n − 1 ) ( 2 n + 5 ) − ∑ t t ( t − 1 ) ( 2 t + 5 ) ] / 18 In this trend test, Z > 0 represents an increasing trend, whereas Z < 0 represents a decreasing trend.

The transfer of farmland contractual management rights has become a definite trend for promoting agricultural development [ 1 ].

This relationship was also found to be highly significant with the pair-wise correlation.

Similarly, for the Gc2 source, the total amount disposed of by BF generally showed a decreasing trend of 0.28, 0.28, 0, and 0 t/d, respectively; as opposed to the figures for WS, which showed an increasing trend of 0, 0, 0.28, and 0.28 t/d, respectively.

However, we noted a positive trend in both control and intervention groups.

In the past few decades, algal blooms have occurred frequently in the world with an increasing trend [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].

While in the Russian birth culture, the most common situation was hospital birth without any assistance of the partner or birth doula, there was an increasing trend of having a support person during labor [ 12 ].

The percentage of patients who are non-Hispanic Black is marginally significant, with higher risk of readmission among ZCTAs with a greater percentage of non-Hispanic Blacks.

During the study period, the comprehensive index of CLF in the Huaihe River Basin increased by 3.8%, and the degree of fragmentation displayed an upward trend, which is consistent with the development trend of CLF across China, that is, an increasing trend of fragmentation in China was identified and southern China was characterized by more CLF than the other parts [ 17 ].