Excerpts

When S l o p e > 0, it means that the data S i has an increasing trend; when S l o p e < 0, it means that the data S i has a decreasing trend; and when S l o p e = 0, it means that the data S i has no significant change.

With the exception of QTP, the profile trends of the other seven study areas are more consistent with the national ozone profile changes, showing an overall trend of being higher in the east and lower in the west, with the lowest overall OCC in QTP and the fastest increase in concentration at 5.8–9.6 km; in the remaining seven study areas, the overall OCCs of BTH and MLS were the highest and increased rapidly from 3 to 5.8 km, while those of COC, YRD, and PRD changed less, increasing only slightly from 3 to 5.8 km and decreasing slightly from 5.8 to 9.6 km; SCB changed less from 0 to 5.8 km and increased slightly from 5.8 to 12.4 km with altitude, and UCS increased from 0 to 9.6 km and decreased slightly from 9.6 to 12.4 km.

The results are as follows: (1) In 2020, the EWP of the study area showed a trend of high levels in the southwest and low levels in the northeast.

Another study conducted with girls aged 8–16 years from the most populated Punjab province, Pakistan, found an increasing trend of stunting with increasing age when using USCDC and WHO references [ 27 ].

Zhu and Chen found that the transfer payment for key ecological functional areas effectively improved the ecological environment of Guangdong Province, and the improvement effect showed an increasing trend [ 7 ].

The estimated effect of SO 2 showed the lowest value in 2016–2017 and the overall showed an increasing trend.

The impact of PM 10 and CO showed a decreasing trend and the specific-period effects shifted from significant to insignificant.

Conversely, the increase in mean DMFT/DMFS between 12- and 15-year-old groups is a worrying trend.

The saccade amplitude showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing task workload.

In this and in earlier works [ 18 , 50 , 51 ], correlations between subscales were highly significant.

From 2011 to 2020, the per capita EF size of each province and region generally showed a trend of first rising and then falling.

The proportion of built-up areas observed in 1996, 2009 and 2022 to the total land cover area shows an increasing trend from 1% to 2% and 5%, respectively ( Figure 4 a–c).

Among the various therapeutic strategies being used to treat nanotoxicities, an increasing trend in the use of herbal medicines is being seen because they have been used for thousands of years and almost 80% of world’s population relies on them for primary health care.

The leaching process of Si overall showed an increasing trend.

As it has been shown in the same cohort of men, after an eight-year follow-up, the risk of coronary heart disease displayed an increasing trend parallell to the increasing adherence to the Western pattern [ 19 ].

[ 109 ] also reported meteorological factors influencing carbonaceous species (EC, OC, primary organic compounds (POC), and secondary organic compounds (SOC)) and found an increasing trend in winter and autumn and a lower influence in the summer season.

On the other hand, COVID-19 showed a negative trend with an increase in temperature in the US.

In Table 1 we find the difference in Piosson rate to be moderately significant (0.19 level, one tailed) for the comparison of the number of UK multi-fatality disasters (of 10 or more fatalities) occurring during the Conservative governed privatization period from 1979–1997 (27 total), to the number occurring from 1998 to 2007 (4 total) when Labour was back in power. 3.1.

The analysis of the prevalence of chronic conditions by level of physical activity showed a clear trend, in such a way that the highest prevalence of chronic conditions was in the group doing less than 600 MET-min/week of physical activity, while the lowest prevalence of chronic conditions was in the group doing at least 1200 MET-min/week of physical activity.

The results showed that differences between these two models were not significant (Δχ 2 = 2.460, df = 3, RMSEA = 0.054, NFI = 0.952) in locomotion skills, and partially significant (Δχ 2 = 5.251, df = 3, RMSEA = 0.057, NFI = 0.905) in object control skills, based on the critical ratios of differences (CRD) of recommendation of Arbuckle (2003).

Analysis of the Impact of Macro Factors Based on the Changes in ESS at the Socio-Economic Level The total population of Guangnan County showed an increasing trend from the years 2000 to 2018.

Influence of Farmers’ Behavior, Attitude, and Willingness to Implement the Project on ESS (1) Farmers’ behavior, attitude and willingness to implement slope-to-ladder projects on ESS After the implementation of the slope-to-ladder project, the number of farmers participating in the project showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2018, decreasing by 9 households and accounting for 2.2% of the total households ( Table 3 ).

Provinces with a more developed forestry industry tend to have rich forest resources [ 80 ], and the forestry output value in this region usually shows a trend of increasing with the increase in forest resources [ 3 ], and the forest carbon sinks in this region also show an increasing trend.

However, since a borderline significant effect modification was shown for maternal education, we stratified the analyses by education (low vs. high).

As a result of estimating the socioeconomic cost of drinking, the social burden was greater than that of smoking and obesity, and an increasing trend was confirmed in the mid-2010s [ 5 ].