Excerpts

Whereas Ukrainians “traditionally” represented a “transnational” migrant group (see [ 71 , 72 ]) where migrants usually circulate between Czechia and Ukraine (see [ 67 ]), now, there is an increasing trend among Ukrainian migrants to more often settle in Czechia—currently 71 percent are permanent residence holders (see [ 51 ]).

An increasing trend was found in the non-exercise groups—Group 2 (PA occupation but non-exercise) and Group 4 (non-PA occupation and non-exercise)—whereas a decreasing trend was observed in the exercise groups—Group 1 (PA occupation and exercise) and Group 3 (non-PA occupation but exercise).

The study found a trend of whitening and whiteness, with a worsening completeness of the race/color variable, and an increasing trend of non-completeness of the data [ 31 ].

As shown in Figure 3 , none of the notifiable diseases showed an increasing trend after this tornado.

Housing instability and having a child under the age of two were associated with an increased risk of CPS involvement, whereas having any post-secondary education was associated with a marginally statistically significant decreased risk.

The results of this study, with no increase in incidence of cervical cancer with estimated arsenic concentration, but with a marked trend to a higher grade (poorly differentiated) at higher arsenic concentrations, cannot offer insight into mechanisms, but only demonstrate that arsenic does affect the disease process.

A significant trend was observed for race/color, TNM, and history of tobacco consumption.

An overall trend towards higher estimated cycling speeds with longer commuting durations was noted in both sexes, as well as in the last digit duration clusters with 1–4 or 6–9, as compared to 0 or 5 ( Figure 5 and Figure 6 ).

Overall, the findings indicate a decreasing trend in acute ischemic and arrhythmic events by 2021 compared with earlier years, particularly in Kozani and Florina.

Similarly, the effect of having NOE around the residence on NOE MVPA vanished to marginally statistically significant in the models for 150 m buffer size ( Table A7 ). 4.

Although students over time increased red meat and product consumption, they also significantly increased legume intake, which is a positive trend, as legumes are important protein sources in plant-based diets and have much lower carbon footprints than animal-based foods [ 53 ].

Additionally, we observed a decreasing trend in the various mental health encounters as the NatureScore of a neighborhood increased ( Figure 2 ).

Except for the fourth wave in 2015, the prevalence of overweight followed an increasing trend in all evaluated waves, reaching its lowest percentage difference between normal weight and overweight in 2010.

As can be seen from Figure 7 f, the Lijin station passed the abrupt change test in 1974–1983 and 1985–2021, indicating an increasing trend of decrease during that period.

While physician density has a highly significant negative association with CSD mortality, the coefficient of smoking rate is insignificant.

A recent meta-analysis reported that the lower resistance in the sit and get up test, a smaller calf circumference, and weight loss are quite significant frailty risk factors [ 59 ].

We observed significant variations in associations among counties with different environmental qualities–an increasing trend for associations between NAD and heatwaves from counties with good to poor environmental qualities.

Ethnicity (Hispanic or not) had a significant interaction effect on the choice of food store type (supermarket or not), and race (White or not) had a marginally significant interaction effect on distance traveled.

For mental healthcare among men, the interaction was marginally non-significant. 4.

We found that the amount of metals and metalloids (Pb, Sb, Cd, and Co) eluting over time was highly significant in the plastic group.

Some observed associations achieved only marginal significance, indicating the need for an even larger sample to better understand the marginally-significant relationships in the model.

An α value of 0.15 is used in Figure 1 to facilitate the development of a more parsimonious final model while maintaining potential marginally significant relationships.

These fruits and vegetables were selected based on nutrient content and an increasing trend of domestic production and consumption.

The risk of elevated levels of hs-CRP showed an increasing trend proportionally to the increase in ETS exposure frequency ( p for trend = 0.03).

However, there seems to be a negative trend over the last five decades regarding group mean levels of MC at an early age [ 14 , 15 ].