Since the difference between the measured tunnel convergence and numerically analyzed results (vertical displacement) exhibited a clear trend of variation at different sections at removal stage 3, it was found that the actual impact on the deformation of subway structures was more significant at removal stage 3 compared with previous stages.
With the progress of the aging process, the shear strength of all surface finishes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.
Due to lack of a clear trend, those differences could have been related more to sample diversity than to the effect of coating.
The association between SEM-based ABFT and average model-based ABFT, computed using analytical models in Table 10 , is displayed in Figure 12 as a linear function with R 2 of 0.9479 and a polynomial function of order 2 with R 2 of 0.9828, indicating that the interaction is highly significant.
Overall, a highly significant difference was observed between the stresses exerted in each technique.
For the base asphalt binder in Figure 3 , however, the phase angle exhibited an increasing trend as the temperature was increased, with no stable region during the total range of temperature sweep measurements.
Figure 11 demonstrates that the ductility showed a trend towards diminishing, while incrementally introducing the anode–graphite powder into the binder bulk.
In the case of steel B, DCT generally has a positive trend, improving adhesive wear resistance by 10–65% (k = 0.1–1.6 × 10 −5 mm 3 /Nm).
Steel B wear rate results are in range of 0.5–7.0 × 10 −7 mm 3 /Nm, with DCT generally resulting in a negative trend.
There is an increasing trend in the occurrence of the cytopathic effect in A549 cells after the infection with RuV between 24 h and 48 h of incubation.
From the existing literature [ 15 ], the highest compressive strength was obtained at 40% copper slag and an increasing trend of compressive strength was observed up to 60% of copper slag.
At elevated temperatures (+60 °C and +90 °C), clearly, a decreasing trend with increasing temperature can be observed.
At the same time, the manufacturing of such construction materials and elements based on secondary material resources is an important trend in combating the environmental pollution.
Figure 3 shows that, at a half-coke ratio of 20%, the ignition and burnout temperatures of the pulverized coal mixture at that time showed a decreasing trend, and the S of the mixed pulverized coal was larger than the value of either bituminous coal or semicoke burning alone.
The indirect contact L-PRF group showed a trend for increased levels in relation to the control group, attaining statistical significance in the BV/TV ratio.
However, Figure 8 b shows a decreasing trend of the width of the microgrooves with the processing voltage while utilizing the synchronous laser assistance in the machining zone.
An observed trend of the data with an exponent equal to −1.52 shows a strong correlation and inverse relation between the variables.
As can be seen, there is an acceptable correlation between Sa and the temperature of the SPIF process; Sa presents an increasing trend with the temperature.
When cutting WJ, the width of the cutting gap on the inlet side of the waterjet into the material showed a decreasing trend with gradually increasing traverse speed of the cutting head.
With the increase in MnO content, the intergranular phase inhibited the growth of grains, so that the average grain size shown in Figure 2 e presented a decreasing trend.
All the above-mentioned literature shows an increasing trend which suggests that intelligent algorithms will be very important for the future of dynamic load identification.
Instead, there is high variability and a clear trend in the values of these parameters within C f containing microspheres (samples A-4–A-7).
Under such conditions, an expected trend in I 2 is ambiguous, dominated by slightly decreased I 2 for nanocomposites.
The G F0.5 /G F0.4 of the SFHSC specimens show a decreasing trend with an increase in ρ f .
With an increase in ρ f , the value of K IC0.5 /K IC0.4 has an increasing trend.