Excerpts

According to this figure, the stiffness curves obtained with the standard fatigue simulation show a decreasing trend due to the gradual degradation of the mechanical material properties as the number of cycles increases before a consistent decrease of stiffness due to the sudden degradation.

On the contrary, for the frozen state the values of both the properties show an increasing trend as the temperature decreases.

Obviously, under the circular economy principle, focusing on waste recycling, the amounts of reused industrial waste indicated an increasing trend over the past decade, reaching an industrial waste reuse and recycling rate of over 80%.

Thereafter, the reported amounts showed a decreasing trend from 2019.

The third step represents the equilibrium stage in which the removal of the adsorbate becomes almost insignificant, due to the exhaustion of adsorption active sites.

However, the CTOD-R curves show a decreasing trend in fracture toughness with the increase in the hydrogen charging time.

A decreasing trend is visible, i.e., the BV/TV ratio seems to decrease with the increase of the scale factor ( Figure 3 ).

In the case of both dry and lubricated conditions, a clear trend was found of a reduction of the coefficient of friction with nominal pressure.

With the increase in the number of dry–wet cycles, the loss rate of the compressive strengths of HDC and OC generally showed an increasing trend.

In the first 2–3 cycles, an increasing trend of compressive strength was observed in environments I and II.

There is an increasing trend in the obtained results regarding the bricks that have a content of marble powder of up to a 25%.

However, even with such small volumes, the differences between the extrusions of the three different cements were clearly significant.

For such advanced simulations, the time frame is still quite significant; however, with the developed parallelized CA SRX model, the 3D computations can be realized within a range of minutes, while the 2D model can be executed within seconds, which provides a possibility even for an online process control. 6.

Thus, with the increasing hardness of the reinforced materials, the coefficient of friction demonstrates a decreasing trend with the same reason on weight loss and wear rate.

When increasing the applied load, the wear rate shows an increasing trend irrespective of the second parameter, which is depicted in Figure 10 a,e–g,l, due to the elevated contact between the pin and disk.

In the present study, all the R 2 characteristics were near to 1, implying that the data and models generated were incredibly significant. 3.4.2.

On the other hand, it is not possible to conclude what the effect of nitrogen gas on the crystallite size of the nitrogenous phases is because its size does not present a clear trend.

The data depict the aforementioned decrease in total surface area and volume; however, the same data also depict an interesting trend regarding the porous evolution of these samples.

It is easy to notice that when considering the samples with deformation coefficient λ equal to 1.33, the length of the elastic deformation region was estimated to be 4 times longer in comparison to the deformation coefficient λ equal to 1.1, which is experimental evidence that the extent of the elastic deformation region is fully related and dependable on the shape of the applied diameter reduction and die geometry, and the estimated differences were quite significant.

Since the price variations per kg of the product are quite significant, the associated costs with ILs, DESs synthesized from raw materials are presented individually.

On the other hand, the crystallites in the Al layers are larger, i.e., 98 ± 8 nm, while the microstrain is almost insignificant, i.e., 0.04 ± 0.01%.

In recent years, machine learning has become a significant trend.

In general, there was not much difference in terms of pressure loss between the four knitted structures after 5 washes, but this difference was quite significant after 10 and 15 washes, which suggests that the knitted stretchable fabrics tend to lose their compression ability after multiple washes.

Figure 4 b compares the variation of d e,f against d max , indicating a decreasing trend of elastic displacement fraction with increasing maximum indentation displacement for both indentation cycles, and the corresponding ranges of values can be observed.

At all energies, the MFP have an increasing trend with the Bi 2 O 3 content.