Excerpts

Moreover, as the nickel content increased from 0 wt.% to 1 wt.%, the M s temperature reduced from 345 °C to 318 °C, aligning well with the empirical calculation formula included in the relevant literature [ 19 ]. (1) M s = 492 − 125 x C(wt.%) − 65.5 x Mn(wt.%) − 10 x Cr(wt.%) − 29 x Ni(wt.%), °C Nickel can enlarge the γ phase region in the Fe-C phase diagram, and the Ac 3 temperatures of the tested steel exhibited a decreasing trend with an increasing nickel content, which is consistent with the related literature [ 16 , 20 ].

As shown in Figure 21 , the UCS exhibited an increasing trend with incremental additions of cement and SDA up to optimum amendment dosages of 6% by dry weight.

The liquid limit in Figure 11 shows a decreasing trend with increasing cement and sawdust ash (SDA) percentages in all mix combinations.

It can be seen that with an increase in residence time, the static friction force and dynamic friction force show an increasing trend, but the growth rate slowed down and became stable after the 5-day dwell period, which had the same characteristics as the theoretical prediction carried out by Kato [ 30 ].

The surface roughness: There is a clear trend that EMS treatment (A2, A3, A4) reduced the roughness increase due to corrosion compared to the untreated sample (A1).

At higher Cu contents, the lattice constant shows a decreasing trend.

When the content of Re increased from 2 to 4 wt.%, the hardnesses of the samples showed an increasing trend, but the increase was not significant.

It can be seen from Figure 6 a–d that the number of BPDs exhibited a decreasing trend, indicating that the adopted measures in the experiments effectively reduced the BPD density.

At 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days, the compressive strength of M-0, M-5, M-10, and M-15 showed a gradual increasing trend, while that of M-15 and M-20 showed a decreasing trend.

Overall, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength showed a decreasing trend as the T p increased.

A notable trend indicated in the graph is that as the straightening temperature increased, both the maximum and minimum residual curvatures Cc+/Cc− increased, resulting in a wider residual curvature interval.

As loading progresses and the deformations increase, the viscous damping coefficient shows a decreasing trend, resulting in an overall reduction in energy dissipation capacity.

Nonetheless, with an excessive concentration of diatomite (wt.% > 1.1%), the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the geopolymer coatings exhibit a decreasing trend.

At the same time, with the increase in the replacement rate of recycled aggregate, the strain size of the specimen when it reached the peak point was also increasing, and the curve as a whole showed a trend of right–downward deviation.

As the dosage of PS beads increased, the compressive strength showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing.

The impact of electrode polarization, which might be significant at low frequencies, can be ignored in this frequency range [ 81 ].

Contrary to the trend of ultimate tensile strength, the ultimate tensile strain showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing; however, the strain of the specimens in the 5% Na 2 SO 4 and 5% Na 2 SO 4 —3% NaCl solutions under the same tensile strength was lower than that of the aqueous solution specimens, which indicates that the erosion of salt particles caused the matrix to become brittle, thus causing the strain to decrease. 3.1.3.

The SIMS result for Sample H reveals a notable trend that the H concentration exhibits higher levels within the depth range of 50~150 nm compared to a depth of 400~450 nm.

The results in Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 and Table 1 demonstrate the dimensions of the formed layer, which show an increasing trend due to the accelerated kinetics of the oxidation reaction as the temperature increases.

These mortar samples showed an increasing trend of shrinkage over time.

The analysis reveals that with increasing spray pressure, residual tensile stresses show a decreasing trend, gradually stabilizing.

The mass percentage of fine and microscopic debris in simulated rock samples gradually decreases, while the mass percentage of medium-sized debris shows an increasing trend.

The adjustment of the second-degree polynomial model was carried out through ANOVA, with a high F-value and low p -value ( p < 0.005), suggesting that the coefficients were highly significant, demonstrating that the developed model provided the best fit [ 99 ].

If this error is taken into account, an increasing trend in nanohardness can easily be observed with increasing accelerating voltage.

Nevertheless, the change in compressive strength is slightly significant, demonstrating a substantial linear increase with the corrosion time ( Text S2 and Figure S2 in Supporting Information S2 ).