It was found that the variables rotational speed (X 1 ), grinding time (X 2 ), solvent to material ratio (X 3 ), amount of solid reagents (X 4 ) and their quadratic parameters were highly significant at the level of p < 0.01.
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The results were considered to be significant when p < 0.05 (*), and to be highly significant when p < 0.01 (**). 4.
There were extremely significant differences ( p < 0.01) in the granule size distribution of the three corn flours ( Table 1 ).
The only exception was swertiamarin, which still showed a highly significant difference ( p < 0.01).
The F value is 40.80, with a significance level of p < 0.0001, indicating that the quadratic model is highly significant ( p < 0.01).
As depicted in Table 1 , the results of ANOVA indicated that the model was highly significant ( p < 0.01), but the lack of fit of each of the models was not significant.
It is confirmed by a highly significant ( p < 0.01) linear correlation found between the FRAP values and TPC levels ( r = 0.9671), TEAC values ( r = 0.9064), and EC 50 values of the DPPH test ( r = −0.9638).
X 3 (culture time) had extremely significant effect on GA-Me production ( P < 0.01), followed by x 2 (peptone concentration), suggesting culture time and peptone concentration are very important for GA-Me production in submerged fermentation of G. lucidum .
Among them, the eluent concentration and pH had extremely significant ( p < 0.01) effects on purified flavonoids ( Table 4 and Table 5 ).
Specifically, the linear effect of X 1 , X 2 and X 4 illustrated highly significant ( p < 0.01) and remarkably significant ( p < 0.001) positive effects on FRAP, respectively, while their square terms (X 1 2 , X 2 2 and X 4 2 ) exhibited highly significant ( p < 0.01), significant ( p < 0.05) and remarkably significant ( p < 0.001) negative ones, respectively.
Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was performed for different phenolic acids groups, with results showing that artepillin C had an extremely significant difference in terms of its content in Brazilian green propolis when compared with other compounds ( p < 0.01; Figure 4 ).
After administration of the RA pretreatment, hepatic and renal IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression levels showed a significant downregulation ( p < 0.01) and SOD, CAT, and GPx mRNA expression levels showed a highly significant upregulation ( p < 0.01) compared to CP induction alone.
As presented in the figure, the doses of GEP-1 at 50 and 100 μg/mL showed a nonsignificant effect on TNF-α secretion compared to that of the controls, while high doses of GEP (200 μg/mL) exhibited a highly significant effect on TNF-α secretion ( p < 0.01).
The ANOVA showed that the influence of treatment on colour, flavour, and texture was non-significant ( p > 0.05); however, a highly significant ( p ≤ 0.01) influence was observed on taste.
Compared to negative control, all treatment groups with different concentrations of CAP or gemcitabine showed highly significant differences in the inhibition rates ( p < 0.01 or p < 0.001).
The difference was highly significant ( p < 0.01).
Effect of Independent Variables on Enzyme Activity (EA) and Biomass (BM) The positive linear effects of X 1 (κ-carrageenan) and X 3 (yeast extract) on EA were found to be highly significant ( p < 0.01), and the effects of X 2 (NaCl) and X 4 (FOS) were significant ( p < 0.05), which agrees with the conclusion of the PB analysis.
Pearson’s correlation matrix showed a highly significant correlation between the TP content, flavonoid content and DPPH radical-scavenging activities (r = 0.98, p = 0.01) ( Table 2 ). 3.
The final difference in cancer prevalence was highly significant ( p < 0.01) by chi-squared test analysis.
All reported probability values were two-tailed and a 0.05 level of significance was considered, while marking the highly significant values (i.e., p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) as well.
Table 2 also reveals that the interaction of extraction time and extraction temperature was insignificant ( p > 0.05), while all other model terms were highly significant ( p < 0.01).
The determination criteria were the following: R 2 of the fitted 4-parameter curve of ≥0.98, regression item should be highly significant ( p < 0.01), and deviation from parallel should not be significant ( p ≥ 0.01).
The differences were considered to be statistically significant when p < 0.05 and highly significant when p < 0.01.
In samples soaked in 0.5 g/100 mL NaHCO 3 , the blanching time had a significant ( p < 0.05) effect on the relative gray levels of the bands 2, 7, and 8 bands, while the difference in the relative gray level between bands 5 and 6 bands was extremely significant ( p < 0.01).
Compared with the control group, the difference was extremely significant in the juglone treatment group ( p < 0.01).