Excerpts

And the NH 4 + -N and NO 3 − -N concentrations under the OPT treatment were higher than under the FFP treatment in the top 20 cm of the soil layer, indicating that soil NH 4 + -N and NO 3 − -N were gradually leached down into deeper soil layers due to precipitation and irrigation. We also simultaneously analyzed the results from the large demonstration area under field conditions from the Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization database for Jiangsu, and the results were consistent with the location field experiment, which showed a trend in rice yield of OPT > FFP > CK.

Simultaneously, the total N showed a decreasing trend from the south to the north of Jiangsu.

The Young’s moduli of SCWF-AgNPs were decreased in comparison with SCWF, with a highly significant negative correlation.

EndophilinA2 showed a trend toward decreased co-trafficking with Rab5 in the presence of BDNF (Fig. 4B ).

5G and H , respectively). Using multivariate analysis (Cox’s proportional hazard model), the concurrent expression of both protein is not significantly associated with better prognosis in each of subgroup of PNETs, although a statistical trend could be seen (p value between 0.150 to 0.08, see Supplementary Table S8 ), likely due to the smaller sample sizes when we divided all PNETs into 4 groups.

It is highly significant that a waste resource, such as waste cooking oil, can be used in a copper slag depletion process thereby reducing carbon emissions.

Despite the increasing temperature and moisture stress early in our simulations, our results, similar to other studies 19 , showed a trend of continued C uptake and increasing TEC into the 22 nd century (Fig. 2 ).

Relative to baseline, increasing temperature under projected climate resulted in an increasing trend of upslope movement in snowline elevation (threshold elevation below which mean monthly temperature ≥0 °C for all year) over the century (Fig. 3 ), decreasing the area maintaining snow cover by 20–84% across transects under mean projected late-century (2090–2100) climate.

The strength of this response is mostly attributable to a clear and highly significant positive effect of August temperatures on LW D (Fig. 2 ), visible across Quebec-Labrador (Fig. 3 ).

For the easy task TFOE, Figure 4c shows that a different fractal dimension (1.58 instead of 1.42, statistically highly significant) already results when artificial noise of the same SD as found in the measured time signal (SD = 0.05 mm) is added.

At the end of the experiment Chl a concentrations differed between normally-pigmented and bleached corals, with substantially less Chl a present in bleached fragments, with this consistent across all three species, while the smallest difference was apparent in T . reniformis (Fig. 3 ).

Overall, the spatial pattern of total PAHs concentration showed an increasing trend from Northern to Western parts of China and decreased along the coastal areas in Southeastern China.

A clear trend in the water splitting efficiency of the polymorphs was observed (Fig. 2 ).

They reported a decreasing trend of soil pH, noticeable but non-significant change in mineralogy and some trace elements like As and Cr 21 – 23 .

The same tendencies are also observed for the Cl-LS and the Ze-LS CWs, except for Mn, which does not exhibit such a clear trend.

A clear trend is that with the increase in the content of ionic liquid in the copolymer membranes, the water contact angles of the PPHMs drops from 128° till a plateau at 117° (Fig. 6 and Supplementary Table S3 ).

Results of lymphocyte proliferation were also reflected in the IFN-γ secretion which increased consistently from Day 0 and almost doubled in 3 months and remained high till 12 month in the MIP group while on the contrary, the amount of secreted IFN-γ showed a decreasing trend in the placebo group from Day 0 onward till 6 month (Supplementary Figure 3 ).

tb antigen showed an increasing trend in the MIP group from Day 0 to 6 month in follow-up samples on M . tb stimulation while no change was seen in the placebo group, however, the difference was not statistically significant (Supplementary Figure 2 ).

P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant; P ≤ 0.001 was considered highly significant.

In the eastern Pacific 69% of the variation was explained by the separation of populations South and North of Panamá, but, once again, the F CT value was not significant. With the exception of immediately adjacent populations, pair-wise F ST values between populations in the western Atlantic were large and highly significant (Table 2 ), which, under Wright’s 41 island model would indicate a lack of gene flow over larger distances, assuming equilibrium between migration and genetic drift.

At time of challenge, the opsonizing activity of milk, as assessed by the survival of bacteria incubated with blood neutrophils and 20% milk, did not vary significantly (p = 0.23) between groups despite a slight trend in favor of the immunized cows (Fig. 11b ).

Even though other techniques, such as turbidity measurement, gamma ray, and ultrasonic, have been suggested over the years to monitor the scaling phenomena, the problem still exists, and thus creates a potential impact on our economy 29 – 31 . Over the past two decades, there has been a clear trend toward the use of fiber optics in the detection of chemicals 32 – 36 .

For this purpose, CTEs from 350 to 550 °C were calculated, however, they do not show a clear trend.

For example, some studies have reported a negative trend between empathic concern and the amount of money spent on punishment 36 , 39 , which may be driven by antisocial punishers who both spent money on punishment and withheld resources selfishly in the dictator game 37 .

From 1979 to 2014, the global precipitation and temperature exhibited an increasing trend, and plants could invest more carbon in leaves and wood tissues to enhance vegetation production as well as the terrestrial carbon sink at a global scale (Figs 2 , 3 , and S2 ) 37 .