Excerpts

A decreasing trend was observed also for MSX2, which showed similar expression levels for BMSCs and CBMSCs (Fig. 4 B) compared to the tenfold upregulation observed in 2D unprimed conditions for CBMSCs (Fig. 3 A).

Upon priming, BMSCs showed a trend of increased expression for ALP, TWIST1 and SOX5 (osteogenic priming), DLX3, ACAN, SOX5 (BMP-4 priming), RUNX2 and SOX5 (chondrogenic priming) (Fig. 3 C), although only BMP-4 priming-induced upregulation of ACAN gene expression reached statistical significance.

Results have shown that the carbon emissions in China are highly spatially unbalanced and that the distribution gap exhibits an increasing trend every year.

The pRNFL thicknesses of the four segments also showed a decreasing trend, which did not differ significantly.

Data indicate a clear trend of breakdown-pressure reduction as a function of injection cycles.

The incidence of anosmia showed a trend of an increase with greater height in overall groups.

On the other hand, Lactobacillus showed a trend and model fitting (Fig. 4 d).

While no difference in survival rates was observed in the first 3 months among workers (Table 2 ), post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed highly significant differences in the next months (encompassing winter).

Since the time variation of D 24 showed a trend, the de-trended D 24 was also presented in Fig. 6 .

Theory of CSD states that the time series of indicator shows an increasing trend as a tipping point is approached 13 , 14 .

Among permethrin-treated VU adults at 3 dpt, knockdown-resistant pools showed a trend toward lower VGSC transcript levels than did adults that died by 3 dpt (Fig. 3 d).

Our trend analysis suggested a decreasing trend in the estimated fatality of legionellosis in Japan, although the reported number of fatal cases has not been declining (Figs. 5 and 6 ).

Through this study, we revealed an increasing trend in incidence, seasonality, regionality, and decreasing estimated fatality of legionellosis in Japan.

There was a slight trend towards higher heart and kidney weights in EC-EGFR-WT compared to VSMC-EGFR-WT.

In the vast majority of cases, the number of active phages applied to the patient does not exceed 10 7 PFU/ml 6 , 10 , i.e., it is below the “safe” threshold, and the effect might be significant.

When excluding the outlier studies from these meta analyses, the effect of chewing gum on both time to first flatus and time to first bowel movement interestingly became closely significant (respectively SMD = − 0.07; 95%CI − 0.19:0.06 and SMD = − 0.24; 95%CI − 0.5;0.01) (Figs. 4 B and 5 B).

From macroscopic view, with the increase of confining pressure, the permeability of the samples also shows a clear trend from the initial sharp change to the late slow change.

Despite a clear trend with more people running longer distances (e.g., + 31.61% for marathon finishers in the United States between 2004 and 2016 26 ), there is a gap of knowledge regarding physiological changes during prolonged running.

In the univariate analysis, older age and male sex showed a trend toward an increased HR.

One concern that has to be resolved is whether the small number of years in Period 2 warrants effectively significant difference from Period 1.

Statistical analysis using an unpaired two-tailed t test on log transformed data showed a P < 0.05 (highly significant) difference between the centerpoint and heat treated samples in total cell intensity for 1:100 dilution and P < 0.07 (moderately significant) difference for 1:1000 dilution.

Although XDR-TB was not detected, an increasing trend in the frequency of pre-XDR-TB was evident in Kuwait as the frequency of mutations conferring resistance to FQs or SLIDs was significantly higher among isolates collected during 2013–2019 versus 2006–2012.

In a recent study, Enterobacteriaceae counts showed a decreasing trend upon supplementation of chicken diet with microencapsulated blends of natural identical essential oils including thymol 48 , these results consistently support our findings.

IFN β-1b was the second most commonly used treatment, but the result shows a decreasing trend of IFN β-1b being prescribed as initial treatment during the study period.

Nonetheless, some previous studies conducted in Asia still suggested an increasing trend in the prevalence and incidence of MS over the past couple of years 13 – 19 .