Excerpts

Using the linear mixed regression model in the R package bugwas 13 , which uses the relatedness matrix to model the background random effect, we found that the association was highly significant for 469 out of 488 kmers after false discovery rate (FDR) correction (P FDR < 0.05).

P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and P < 0.01 was considered extremely significant.

Note that the observation-based carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean exhibits a decreasing trend before 1996, but most of the models are unable to capture these characteristics.

Although we found no SNPs associated with interference or escape in Jersey at the genome-wide significance level, there is a nominally significant association at the locus on chromosome 10 that was associated with interference in Holstein bulls ( Supplemental Fig. 5 ).

In addition, we showed that there was an increase in the interference level for cows less than 5 years old, and then a decreasing trend was observed after 5 years of age.

There is a clear trend of shorter chromosomes having higher interference parameters regardless of sex; by contrast, no such relationship is seen in the fraction of events that escape interference, which is consistent with some reports in humans and mice 4 5 34 .

Thus, in the subgroup analysis, there was a significant positive trend among women without dysglycaemia ( P for trend = 0.003), but was only marginally significant among individuals with prediabetes or diabetes ( P for trend = 0.088).

When MTLn3 cells are co-cultured with macrophages, we observed a highly significant increase in formation of invadopodia ( Fig. 7A and B ).

In further, the onset potential of Pb-Ir oxides presents a decreasing trend on increasing Pb contents, signifying Pb-Ir pyrocholre as a water oxidation catalyst.

However, group phenotype (LRT: χ 2 1 = 8.62, p adjusted = 0.017) was a significant positive factor in the proportion of time spent feeding on fruit, and the effect of individual phenotype (LRT: χ 2 1 = 5.27, p adjusted = 0.054) approached significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons ( n = 242 focal months, Table 1 ).

Findings from these three studies suggested a decreasing trend in HCC risk with increased caffeinated coffee consumption, however, no significant association was observed between decaffeinated coffee consumption and risk of liver cancer 3 31 32 .

During the late Iron Age (BCE 640-115; Iberian Period), we observe an increasing trend in average annual HR occurrence that significantly dropped at the time of the Roman conquest of Hispania around BCE 135.

A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant (*), p value < 0.01 and p value < 0.001 is considered very significant (**) and extremely significant (***) respectively.

We also found evidence suggesting that the oral microbiota composition changed over time, particularly Streptococcus species, which had an increasing trend between 4–8 weeks in both groups.

Those associations remained nominally significant after controlling for education and upon adjustment for highest household occupational position and potential confounders.

A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant and p < 0.001 was highly significant.

The relative abundance of Acidobacteria ( r = 0.331, P = 0.026), Actinobacteria ( r = 0.481, P = 0.001), Chloroflexi ( r = 0.522, P < 0.001), Armatimonadetes ( r = 0.31, P = 0.038) were significantly closely correlated with ring roads, and Proteobacteria ( r = −0.5, P < 0.001), Bacteroidetes ( r = −0.386, P = 0.009), Gemmatimonadetes ( r = −0.391, P = 0.008) showed a significant negative correlation with ring roads, and Nitrospirae ( r = −0.286, P = 0.057) showed a marginally significant negative correlation with ring roads.

A good example is North America, where the west coast experienced a decreasing trend while on the east coast, water consumption per capita increased.

Nearly all sub-national trajectories show an increasing trend in water scarcity.

Moreover, MF patients with impaired response to PMA showed a trend towards reduced response to PAF, a lipid mediator with a broad range of effects on the inflammatory response and strong NET inducer 26 , 33 , as revealed by quantification of released DNA ( Fig. 3f ) and shown in Fig. 3g .

In this case, the Runs test for non-randomness and Ljung-Box test for autocorrelation are highly significant.

In our experiments, we observe that the modularity obtained by our method shows an increasing trend during the label diffusion process (see Supplementary Fig.

Because the test for this cross-product term is highly significant (two-sided P value of 0.0014), we conclude that there is a significant causal mechanistic interaction between age and BMI on hypertension.

We found an increasing trend in the heart rate of short sleepers (≤7 h/night) but without statistical significance.

A decreasing trend of N-P-N amplitude appeared as the flash intensities decreased.