Using a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM 51 ), which accounts for the temporal structure within the data by specifying a correlation structure (corAR1), we test for change in the estimated size of the projected potential climatic niche space through time, from 145 ka to 30 ka ago and find a significant trend ( r 2 = 0.373, edf = 2, p < 0.001), in which as time progresses, there is a general pattern of contraction from the Eemian onwards (Fig. 5 ).
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CGI-I scores showed a significant trend ( p = 0.001; N = 87; r = 0.36).
Co-colonization with two or more serotypes of lytA -positive samples over increasing post booster PCV13 time intervals showed an increasing trend (χ 2 for trend P < 0.001); this was also the case among lytA - and SP2020-positve samples (χ 2 for trend P = 0.002) (Supplementary Table S2 ).
This study showed several PWF parameters had a p value of < 0.05, and further demonstrated a highly significant effect ( p < 0.001).
Snack consumption frequency showed a highly significant difference (χ2 = 19.79, p < 0.001), where 21.3% of females reported consuming snacks less than three times per week, compared to only 14.0% of males, indicating that females had comparatively healthier snack habits.
A highly significant association was observed between mGPS and nutritional status ( p < 0.001) (Table 3 ).
A Jonckheere–Terpstra test for ordered alternatives confirmed a highly significant monotonic increase across the four pre-specified ordered groups (standardized J–T statistic z = 7.896, p < 0.001).
The horizontal ROM is highly significant across all groups ( P < 0.001, η 2 = 0.182).
Crucially, whereas no differences in pupil dilation across time was observed when the participants themselves and when the co-participants were exposed to potential shocks, B = − 0.007, SE = 0.008, χ 2 (1) = 0.71, p = 0.40, pupil dilation in the safe condition showed a decreasing trend over time, B = − 0.09, SE = 0.01, χ 2 (1) = 25.74, p < 0.001.
After obtaining highly significant results ( p < 0.001) for both factors and their interactions, mean values of linear shrinkage, DC, shrinkage stress, maximum shrinkage stress rate, and time to achieve maximum shrinkage stress rate were compared among the composites using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s adjustment for multiple comparisons.
All the path coefficients were highly significant ( P < 0.001), indicating that all hypothesized relationships between constructs were supported.
This correlation to infants’ serology remained highly significant (p < 0.001) for all HPV types at the 6-month FU (p < 0.001): HPV6 (r = 0.266), HPV11 (r = 0.344), HPV16 (r = 0.321), HPV18 (r = 0.220) and HPV45 (r = 0.259).
The difference in SCC was highly significant ( P < 0.001) between normal, sub-clinical mastitis, and pasteurized milk.
Additionally, there was a decreasing trend in the HPV-positive detection rate from 2018 to 2022 ( χ 2 = 29.258, P < 0.001), and in the detection rate of the HPV52 subtype ( χ 2 = 13.986, P = 0.007), while no significant changes were seen in any of the other genotypes (Table 1 ).
These agents produced highly significant reductions (* P < 0.001) from the early stages of treatment and maintained superior efficacy throughout the 28-day study period.
We found highly significant differences (p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U post hoc test with Bonferroni adjustment) between the mean g ( r ) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathr
An increasing trend was observed in CO data until the 16th h (P < 0.001), and then CO dropped significantly below the level of the sham-operated animals at the 20th h (P < 0.001).
The basal-like (TNBC) subtype demonstrates a highly significant survival reduction with high glycolytic scores ( p < 0.001) (Supplementary Fig. 2A−D).
Specifically, all participants showed a significant trend of improvement over “time” (HG: F = 191.872, p < 0.001; Lesional MT: F = 591.088, p < 0.001; Unaffected MT: F = 268.64, p < 0.001; FMA-UE Scale: F = 326.59, p < 0.001; HAMD: F = 183.71, p < 0.001), suggesting that patients’ performance on various assessment indicators improved with the continuation of rehabilitation training.
Index values and mortality For both species, insecticide and exposure time were highly significant ( p < 0.001), while concentration was marginally significant for T. castaneum ( p = 0.036) and non-significant for T. confusum ( p = 0.161).
In addition, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was highly significant (χ2 = 1725.932, df = 91, p < 0.001), confirming that correlations among the variables were strong enough to justify the use of factor analysis.
By comparing the network to the 1,000 randomized networks, we found that the matrices, coefficient clustering and mean shortest path for our protein network are highly significant (p < 0.001).
When Concreteness was the predictor and Cue was the moderator variable, we found a descriptively larger β estimate of the CE in the irrelevant than the contextual Cue condition, although both CEs were highly significant, p < 0.001.
Furthermore, after adjusting sepsis, GI bleed, and HRS diagnosis as covariates, the association between AKI and mortality remained highly significant (adjusted OR = 3.61, 95% CI: 2.14–6.09, p < 0.001), confirming that AKI is an independent predictor beyond these confounders.
P values were set at 0.05 (P < 0.05) for significant difference (*), 0.01 (P < 0.01) for highly significant difference (**), and 0.001/0.0001 (P < 0.001/P < 0.0001) for extremely significant difference (***/****).