Excerpts

The Caucasian GRS showed a strong and highly significant association with RA in UKRAG (OR = 2.87, 95% CI 2.60 to 3.17, P = 2.7 × 10 -96 ) when all UKRAG cases and controls were incorporated in the analysis.

We also observed a highly significant difference in the expression variation between lincRNA probes and probes mapping to protein-coding transcripts (Wilcoxon Mann Whitney P<3.85×10 −96 ).

We did not find a significant sex difference in overall PRS effects (OR male = 4.70 (4.16–5.31), OR female = 5.28 (4.80–5.80), P difference = 0.141, two-sample two-sided Z -test), even though the effect of sex was highly significant (OR = 2.54 (2.33–2.78), P = 1.93 × 10 −94 , one-sample two-sided Z -test).

The correlation between deltaSVM and effect-size for the 579 SNPs within 100 bp of a DHS is highly significant, with a Pearson correlation coefficient C = 0.721 (t-distribution P = 7.68e-94) ( Fig. 2c ).

Two highly significant loci associated with idiopathic MN were discovered: the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ alpha chain 1 ( HLA-DQA1 ) locus (rs 2187668; odds ratio, 4.32; P = 8.0 × 10 −93 ) and the PLA2R1 locus (rs 4664308; odds ratio, 2.28; P = 8.6 × 10 −29 ).

One-way ANOVA revealed highly significant differences in abundance, with 10 metabolites showing strong accumulation patterns (F-values 1.38 × 1031−7.84 × 1032; p < 1.03 × 10−92, FDR-corrected).

Association analysis The SNP AC000158: g.1390292G>A , within intron 3 showed a highly significant association with the polled genotype (χ 2 =423, -log 10 P=91.85) ( Table 1 Figure 1) and perfect co-segregation in all 443 Holsteins.

Importantly, 64 of the 126 genes were also repressed when Miz1 and Arf were coexpressed, identifying a highly significant overlap in target genes (P = 2.5 × 10 −92 ) and defining a core program of genes that are jointly repressed by Myc and Miz1 in the presence of Arf ( Fig. 6 b ).

ActiveDriver identifies N-terminal mutations in five cancer types as highly significant ( n = 73, FDR p = 2.5e − 92 from ActiveDriver; Fig. 2b ), confirming constitutive activation of CTNNB1 via disrupted phosphorylation as a prevalent driving mechanism of cancer.

We also showed confirmed association with AGA at AR gene by highly significant signal spanning the gene region (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 2.04–2.37, p = 2.40×10 −91 for risk allele T of top SNP rs2497938).

Homologous motif prediction using the MEME Suite (v5.5.9) identified four highly significant conserved motifs ( p < 1 × 10 −90 ) in human WEE2 and its family kinases.

On the other hand, there were 180 genes differentially regulated by both dfoxo and Xbp1 s overexpression in the fat body ( Figure 4 C) and this overlap was highly significant ( p < 10 −90 ).

These overlaps are very unlikely to occur by random chance, as even the protein pair with least common probesets has a highly significant P -value ( MCM5 and MCM6 , 47 common probesets, P < 10 -87 ).

The association of CDS Htz1 peaks with AS transcripts, although lower than the association of 3' Htz1 peaks with AS transcripts (Figure 3 D), is highly significant ( p = 1.6 x 10-87; Fisher’s exact test).

Comparing synchronized neurons with a fixed I-E delay of 5 ms, we observed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.99, P<3.1x10 -87 , Spearman Correlation, Fig. 4b ) between the excitatory input strength and the Rayleigh statistic, the criterion we used to measure the statistical significance of stimulus-synchronization.

A Mann–Whitney U test confirmed the difference was highly significant ( U = 130,876, p < 1e-86, Cohen’s d = 2.05), indicating a large effect size.

The three participant-specific tests revealed highly significant deviations from the uniform distribution (PA: χ2(7, N = 189) = 421.50, p = 10 -86 ; PB: χ2(7, N = 94) = 107.36, p = 10 -19 ; PC: χ2(7, N = 126) = 512.73, p = 10 -105 ).

LD score regression analysis revealed a genetic correlation coefficient of rg = 0.23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.203 to 0.249; se = 1.15 × 10 − 02 ), which was highly significant ( P = 2.65 × 10 − 85 ).

This was found to be highly significant (p<10 -84 , hypergeometric distribution).

For viscosity–transparency relationships, ANOVA demonstrated a highly significant association (F = 244.94, p < 1 × 10 −84 , R 2 = 0.98), where viscosity nearly fully explained transparency differences—likely linked to enhanced molecular alignment or suppressed phase separation in high-viscosity systems—with a negligible C.V.

Among a set of 477 genes showing estrogen-induced expression in MCF7 cells ( Figure 6D , “E2 induced”), 115 showed loss of expression in response to ELF5-V5, an overlap with a highly significant p -value ( p = 5E−84) and odds ratio (OR = 16).

GDF11 and the EGF receptor inhibitor AG1478 regulated a common set of 2466 probes, with a highly significant ( p <10 −83 ) r value of 0.37.

Genome size remained a highly significant predictor of the number of metabolites in the microbial genomes per species ( β = 6.99 × 10 −5 , p = 6.97 × 10 −83 ), indicating that genome completeness does not confound the observed relationship.

The difference was highly significant (p = 8.7E-83, Fisher exact test; OR = 334 [146–864]; Table 2 ) with 79 out of 93 SFTs that were positive (85%) versus only 12 out of 752 STSs (1.6%), thus confirming the transcriptional data.

When comparing IBD genes to non-IBD genes within each tissue group, we observed highly significant differences across all categories: brain tissues ( p = 9.39 × 10 −82 ), GIT tissues ( p = 2.65 × 10 −97 ), and other tissues ( p = 1.17 × 10 −90 ), indicating that IBD-associated genes have distinct expression profiles compared to background genes.