“an overall trend”

Pretreatment with CBG (10 nM–10 μM) displayed an overall trend to decrease IL-6 and 100 nM, 300 nM, and 10 μM CBG-treated wells were not statistically significant to vehicle normoxia ( Fig. 1A ).

The Spatiotemporal Changes of Carbohydrates during Flower Bud Differentiation The sucrose content of apical buds showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing ( Figure 4 A).

An overall trend across studies suggests beneficial effects of greening and NBI on both CV health and cancer-related outcomes, although not all studies found a significant benefit.

However, among groups of SARS-CoV-2-infected iMΦ, there was an overall trend toward a time-dependent increase in mRNA expression of most cytokines during infection.

Conclusions The findings of this systematic review show an overall trend of limited to no effect of pre-sleep casein supplementation on metabolic or appetite parameters in healthy and unhealthy populations.

The results showed an overall trend of increasing hand grip strength and pinch strength with age regardless of hand preference.

Longitudinal analysis revealed an overall trend of decreasing antigenicity on RBS until the 2010s, with subsequent oscillation during the last decade ( Figure 3 A).

With the prolongation of in vitro-simulated digestion time, the inhibition of lipase by barley red currant tea decoction showed an overall trend of decreasing and then increasing.

There was an overall trend towards higher abundance of MPs in sampling sites in the lower and tidal-influenced reaches of the River Barrow, with the four highest MP numbers occurring within the five sampling locations in the lower catchment areas.

However, Figure 2 shows that, despite substantial variability and a lack of an overall group effect, there was an overall trend for increased speech intensity at faster rates.

Initially, we examined the ovarian mRNA expression levels of major pro-inflammatory cytokines Tnfa, Il6, Il1a and Il1b and observed an overall trend towards increasing expression level with increasing age.

As can be seen from Table 4 and Figure 6 a, the GML index reflecting the change in TIE shows that, from 2009 to 2016, the TIE of HTI in all provinces (municipalities) along the B&R line presents an overall trend of fluctuation and increase, decreasing yearly from 2013 to 2015 and then increasing significantly from 2015 to 2016.

There was an overall trend toward increased comfort level in all call situations and perceived ability to use the CATCH tool with incremental improvement in each year of residency training and the most drastic difference between new call takers (PGY 2) and the most senior call takers (PGY 4).

Health resources tend to be concentrated in wealthier areas, showing an overall trend of increasing from west to east [ 61 , 62 ].

The FPCA tries to find the dominant direction of variation around an overall trend function [ 10 , 11 ].

Neural activity signals recorded by resting EEG and fMRI have shown an overall trend of increased entropy and variability with aging, reflecting a loss of synchronization of the neuronal interconnections ( Sleimen-Malkoun et al., 2014 ; Wang, 2020 ; Alù et al., 2021 ).

Concerning the accuracy for blurred images ( Supplementary Figure S2A ), the 1000-class-AlexNet exhibited an overall trend similar to that of the 16-class-AlexNet.

The demographic of the North American patient continues to change, with an overall trend toward increased BMI [ 2 ].

The results of these experiments demonstrated that airway epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells exposed to non-treated PM2.5 collected in several conditions (sites and seasons) showed inflammatory/activated responses, such as IL-6 and IL-8 production/release and CD86 expression on the cell surface with an overall trend.

The POD activity of OE-2/3/6 showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching the highest values of 715.08, 654.14 and 626.41 U/g at 3 h, respectively.

It is evident that colistin alone significantly impacts the TCA cycle, with an overall trend of upregulated metabolic flux.

Past studies examining its survival rates have displayed substantial variations, though an overall trend of improvement is evident.

The population of these two thrips species in chrysanthemum and rose showed an overall trend of increase.

The indicators of students’ thinking and learning ability remain basically stable in the second and third year of college, with an overall trend on the rise.

In Asia, the total suitable area increases with climate change, and the area of marginal and favorable regions increase while the area of very favorable regions decreases, with an overall trend move to the northeast.