Excerpts

When ifferentiated into the different sample areas, all the litter materials showed a trend to having the highest moisture values in the drinking areas.

Means were reported as least-squares means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) and p ≤ 0.05 and 0.05 < p < 0.10 were defined as statistically significant and tendency towards significance, respectively.

[ 11 ] found a slight trend towards older hens (55 and 65 weeks of age) accessing the range more than younger hens (35 and 45 weeks of age); however this trend also corresponded with warmer temperatures.

Moreover, the combined negative affective consequences of EIPH of sufficient severity to impair athletic performance are likely to be significant.

In addition to the signs stated in Table 5 , any changes in behaviour may be significant; for example, in group-housed mice these could indicate a change in the group dynamic or time budgets, with welfare implications for subordinate animals in particular.

This indicates a strong and highly significant systematic relationship between individual puppy behaviours in the arena test and maternal care (see Figure 1 for a loadings plot for this PLS model).

With a Spearman rank correlation, we tested the relationship between the order of the farms based on the two sums of exceeded thresholds in the sets of five and 12 measurements, which was highly significant: r s = 0.95; t-prob. = 0.000.

A chi-square test showed there to be a highly significant association between these conditions and the size of cartridge used. 3.6.

p values less than 0.05 were considered significant, values where 0.05 < p < 0.1 were considered a tendency towards significance.

There was a weak trend for movement score to be associated with ventral shot position score with, potentially, every 1 unit increase in ventral position score associated with, on average, a 0.1 decrease in movement score ( Table 3 ). 4.

Moreover, there is an increasing trend for natural products in order to reduce the use of synthetic substances [ 2 ] Thus, medicinal plants and probiotics are currently considered safe and offer a possible alternative to satisfy customer demands and current market challenges [ 1 , 4 ].

The presence of outdoor run seems to be important on PC4, where it is positively related to acceptable claws, but also to goats scored as sociable and alert (with an almost significant effect highlighted by Kruskal-Wallis test).

On day 42, the effects of dietary BET and AOX were exacerbated by HS as indicated by highly significant three- and four-way interactions ( Figure 5 ). 4.

Follow up analysis revealed a preference only in trial 2, F(2,33) = 4.11, p = 0.029, η 2 = 0.26, and for trial 1, F(2,33) = 4.11, p = 0.051, η 2 = 0.20, which only approached significance but showed a large effect size.

Conversely, Kirchhoff and colleagues, in 2017 [ 8 ], failed to identify a clear trend in the seminal parameters of three healthy Cairn Terriers supplemented with vitamin E and selenium.

SOD activity in HD piglets was higher overall than CD (steady levels), showing a decreasing trend towards the end of the suckling period.

Contrast statements were also used to investigate differences between one treatment and the other three, where numerical differences suggested that there may be significant differences (e.g., blood glucose concentration).

Their findings reported some moderately significant improvements in social competence for 5th to 8th grade youngsters after the intervention.

It can be observed that diets containing protein hydrolysates showed a trend of better consumption.

[ 18 ] also stated that the outcome of agonistic interactions is determined by many different factors and that dominance appears as a result of more or less significant asymmetries in a set of individual characteristics and environmental impacts.

However, cats in Cluster 1 showed a trend toward increased FGM concentration on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1, consistent with a reactive coping style ( Figure 2 ).

Although not statistically significant, the researchers found sex differences in behavior, where males showed a trend towards higher rates of aggression when larger crowds were present.

Another aspect that may be an increasing trend associated with these housing types with limited barriers is the increased opportunity for animals to be frequently fed by visitors throughout the day (either by unsanctioned or approved feeding).

The results indicated that the number of differentially expressed unigenes between the two populations studied were highly significant and that this number decreased with the degree of thermal stress increase (11,391 at 20 °C and 9395 at 28 °C).

A value of p < 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance and a value of p < 0.10 was considered a statistical trend. 3.