Excerpts

Overall, the crude death rate due to the four NCDs had increased from 2·8 to 3·4 during the study period, while ASMR failed to show a clear trend from 2001 to 2010.

A likelihood ratio (LR) test comparing the empty model to an ordinary logistic regression model was highly significant for the data.

Van Oyen and colleagues concluded that smoking kills and shortens both life without and life with disability in Belgium [ 29 ] and Yokota and colleagues showed an increasing trend of the disability prevalence and different contributors to the disability burden across smoking categories in Belgium [ 30 ].

2b correspond to higher concentrations of PM2.5 and a higher lung cancer deaths rate, indicating China’s PM2.5 and lung cancer mortality rates are showing an increasing trend.

After adjusting for potential confounders such as age, body-mass-index (BMI), parity, educational status, occupation, marital status, HHS and household asset index, we observed an increasing trend across terciles of vegetable intake in the past month for the HR-QoL ( P -trend = 0.0003), PH ( P -trend = 0.02), MH ( P -trend = 0.001) as well as the physical functioning ( P -trend = 0.01), role-physical ( P -trend <.0001), and role emotional ( P -trend <.0001) domains of the SF-36.

Lastly, a decreasing trend was observed between the VVS terciles and the general health domain of the SF-36 in the crude model ( P -trend = 0.02); but the observed trend was not statistically significant in the multivariate model ( P -trend = 0.18).

On the contrary, a significant trend ( P -trend = 0.001) was observed between the MH domain and the VVS terciles with participants in the high VVS tercile obtaining significantly higher scores compared to those in the low and moderate terciles.

The incidence density of CWP would have an increasing trend in opencast mines from 2005 to 2024.

When formally testing for an interaction between ethnicity and gestational diabetes, however, the interaction was only borderline significant.

During the second half of the twentieth century, there was a strong trend towards early retirement.

Considering the high number of individuals in our data, the result is likely to be highly significant although we are unable to tests the statistical significance.

Results suggest that female children exposed to solid cooking fuels are more likely to have an ARI, but the results are only marginally significant (see Additional file 1 : Table S3; OR = 4.02, P -val =0.07).

In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), there has been a strong trend towards the adoption of a “high energy-sedentary lifestyle”, which has consequently resulted in an increase in the prevalence of obesity and all obesity-related diseases over the past few decades.

Using standard deviations estimated from feasibility study [ 30 ] data, we determined a practically significant effect size for wear time hours to be d = 0.42 – enough to bring a person from 9.5 h of daily data to reach the cutoff of 10 h.

The age- and sex-adjusted ORs increased with higher serum hsCRP level; the ORs were 1.25 (0.67–2.34) for the middle tertile and 1.45 (0.76–2.78) for the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile of serum hsCRP level with a significant trend ( p for trend = 0.033).

Although our study sample in some respects deviates from the general population, the highly significant associations with antibiotic knowledge that we have identified from our material, would in all likelihood also be significant in the general population.

Compared to participants who smoked within 5 min after waking, the risk of atherosclerosis for participants who smoked an hour or more after waking was borderline non-significant (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.23, 1.00).

Nevertheless, the sample size provided strong statistical power and showed highly significant differences in pesticide residues on hard surfaces in homes and in the efficacy of pest control options.

This estimation revealed that although there were 44 countries and regions with low ageing levels or decreasing ageing rate trends, in absolute terms, the ageing populations in all 195 countries/regions showed an increasing trend.

Worldwide, 44 low ageing areas which were distributed mainly in Africa (26 areas) and Asia (15 areas) experienced a decreasing trend of ageing rates.

Nonetheless some evidence suggest that the overweight and obesity prevalence have an increasing trend in the US military over the past two decades.

In a criminal justice-involved population, a motivational computer intervention was reported to increase SUD treatment initiation compared to standard probation intake at 2 months follow-up and approached significance at 6-month follow-up [ 21 ].

Results Women had higher lung cancer mortality rates than those in men, with an increasing trend in both sexes over time.

In 2016, an increasing trend in the incidence of new cases was reported across Mongolia.

This is in contrast to patterns observed in many Western populations, for example, a decreasing trend in alcohol consumption levels during 1990s–2010s among adults aged 18–85 years in Switzerland [ 29 ] and in other southern, central-western and western European countries [ 30 ], and a reduction in frequent drinking (5+ days in the previous week) among adults aged over 16 years during 2005–2017 in the United Kingdom [ 31 ].