Excerpts

Notably, among individuals with insufficient sleep duration, those maintaining regular sleep timing showed a trend toward lower T2D risk, although this association did not reach statistical significance.

However, the observed non-linear association (referenced to the median) only shows an increasing trend across the central range (25th–75th percentile), while exhibiting elevated risk at extremely low levels and fluctuating risk at higher levels.

The burden of ASMR and ASDR of PAH-related lung cancer also showed an increasing trend, especially in countries with high-medium SDI levels.

Lower population densities predicted higher misuse outcomes in cluster one over time (significant in 2011 and 2012, and marginally significant in 2010 and 2013).

If Paths a and b are significant, it implicitly suggests that Path c is also likely to be significant, even if it is not directly measured [ 25 ].

The proportions of bisexual MSM, active MSM, and active MSM in bisexuality generally showed a decreasing trend over time but remained above 20% across the 14-year study period.

In 2021, both the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates and its AAPCs showed a decreasing trend as SDI increased (Fig. 3 , Fig.S5).

Among them, the incidence of HFMD showed an increasing trend from 2005 to 2010.

Specifically, those who consumed fewer than one bottle of carbonated drinks per week, had adequate sleep duration (more than 7 h per day), and engaged in shorter sedentary behavior (< 6 h per day) were associated with 39%, 44%, and 17% (marginal significance) lower odds of DS; 37%, 50%, and 24% for AS; and 33%, 54%, and 30% for SS, respectively.Similar associations were also observed in the overall population and among non-only children.

Conversely, if the calculated results are negative and do not include 0, it indicates a decreasing trend.

When the calculated APC and AAPC with their 95% CI are positive and do not include 0, it indicates an increasing trend in the mortality rate over time.

Although the “Weekend Warrior” pattern did not reach statistical significance in our analysis, a notable trend toward risk reduction was observed.

The inter-provincial migrants constituted the majority (65.74%) of HIV-infected pregnant women in Zhejiang, with an increasing trend over the study period.

Regarding self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms, there was an increasing trend in participants reporting “never” having depressive feelings over the survey years (Fig. 5 ).

Co, Mo, Tl, and W demonstrated an increasing trend across CKM syndrome stages and were significantly associated with higher stage categories.

Regarding urinary creatinine levels, the average level showed a decreasing trend as CKM syndrome stage advanced.

The rise in congenital syphilis cases from 2020 to 2024 has been quite significant, with an 81.8% increase [ 4 ].

For women in Côte d’Ivoire, those with more than secondary education becomes marginally significant, albeit in the same direction.

While no significant weekday-weekend differences were found for vigorous- or moderate-intensity activity at any timepoint, there was an overall trend of increased physical activities on weekends.

Multivariate regression with controls for gender, age, and occupation did not show an increasing trend in cost per claim or time off work per claim.

Contrast to the TMD, the DF/R is completely significant (at 1%) for all ranges of the coefficients throughout the country (Fig. 5 g).

The mortality rates for KRPC showed an increasing trend from 1999 to 2001 (APC, 2.2%; 95% CI , 0.3% to 3.6%), followed by a subsequent decline, with a more pronounced decrease from 2014 to 2020 (APC, −1.8%; 95% CI , −3.0% to −1.4%) (Fig. 1 , Supplemental Table 1).

There was a decreasing trend in KRPC mortality for both men (AAPC, −1.0%; 95% CI , −1.2% to −0.8%) and women (AAPC, −1.2%; 95% CI , −1.4% to −0.9%).

The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed an increasing trend in transmission rates, achieving 2.5 million reported cases of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis in the United States (US) in the year 2022.

Japan showed a slight increase in its ASYLD trend, with an AAPC of 0.06% (95% UI: 0.05 to 0.07), whereas Taiwan demonstrated a decreasing trend with an AAPC of −0.34% (95% UI: −0.36 to −0.32) (Fig. 4 ).