Excerpts

Conclusions From a public health perspective, the costs associated with caring for injured cyclists are likely to be significant as cycling becomes an increasingly popular and environmentally friendly form of transport.

In the present study, while a majority of participants perceived that family, a partner and friends would be supportive of their making a quit attempt, nevertheless quite significant proportions also reported either that such people would be unsupportive of a quit attempt or that they were uncertain of their support (family 18 %; partner 29 % and friends 32 %), indicating a need for further research to explore their potential to play a role in smoking cessation interventions for this group.

When these single predictors were included into the same model, only sedentary time per day remained statistically significantly associated and number of steps per day remained nearly significant.

1e , there has been an increasing trend of published articles from other countries.

This association was however only borderline significant among men in the crude model.

Relationships between LUCIE and JCQ There was a clear trend of increasing job demands scores, and decreasing scores for job support, with increasing severity of stress signs across the LUCIE ranking steps (Step 1-GG, Step 2-YG and Step 3-RG/Step 4-RR).

Among women, such a clear trend was not discernible.

The temperature of the four cities showed an increasing trend from north to south, whereas the API had a decreasing trend.

Our data suggested that the AST/ALT ratio and MCV had borderline significance in predicting hazardous drinking.

The aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were weakly significant.

A marginally statistically significant association was found for the mothers of the public school children who did not have prenatal care, suggesting that this variable represents a certain risk for the development of anemia ( p = 0.09) (Table 2 ).

Since the odds ratio had broad confidence intervals and was borderline significant, studies with large sample size might validate the results.

Women’s sexual empowerment had marginal significance and does not appear to protect women in union from the risk of contracting STIs, controlling for sexual behaviour, experience of sexual violence, partner control behaviour, and background factors considered in the model.

The addition of income in model 2 resulted in negligible changes in ORs for age and cycle for both behavioural risk factors, but it did increase credible intervals for the excess bodyweight results, yielding borderline non-significant results.

Among social equity factors, education approached significance in model 2 and was significant in model 3.

According to the Singapore National Health Survey conducted in 2004, there has been an increasing trend of smoking and obesity [ 16 ].

A recent Cochrane review reported only a marginally significant improvement in body weight after some interventions and little to no effect on dietary or physical activity behaviours [ 14 ].

According to the regression model, there was an almost significant negative interaction between FTND score and machine-measured nicotine yield (Table 2 , lower).

There was a clear trend over time of decreases in competitive sport, and more specifically club sport participation.

Other variables considering dog exposure (dog in the house, own a dog, feed a dog) were not predictive, suggesting that recreational dog exposure alone may be significant by chance.

However there was an increasing trend between sexual risk behaviours and drug-use categories.

A positive trend for the correlation between teacher-led physical activity and percent time children were engaged in MVA was observed, but was not significant ( r = 0.19, p >0.10).

In the present study, there was a clear trend of smear positivity in children with increasing age despite the overall prevalence EPTB children is higher.

However, since the ANOVA result approached significance, exploratory post-hoc Tukey test procedures were conducted.

These values were compiled into a forest plot and weighted according to their variance in order to demonstrate an overall trend in nudge intervention outcomes.