Excerpts

Gonorrhea incidence generally demonstrated a decreasing trend with an overall AAPC of − 2.37%.

Except for Gwangju, most of the cities exhibited a decreasing trend in green space and an increasing trend in ambient temperature during the study period from 2008 to 2021 (Table 4 ).

The overweight and obesity class 3 group did not show a clear trend in BMI and did not show a decreasing trend in BMI in any city.

This indicates an increasing trend in air pollution particularly in densely populated districts like Colombo in Sri Lanka, where annual ambient PM 10 levels consistently surpass the WHO, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Sri Lankan Guideline values [ 28 ].

When the AAPC value was > 0, it indicated that the corresponding age-standardized rate (ASR) was in an increasing trend; otherwise, it indicated a decreasing trend.

Furthermore, we found significant subgroup differences for gender (TT4), thyroid disease (TT4, FT4, and FT3), and borderline significance for age group (FT4).

Results Figure 1 reveals a clear trend that rural-to-urban migrants experience hypertension earlier than their non-migrant counterparts.

However, a slightly significant positive correlation was found between time since insulin use and adherence to adequate practices involving the use of insulin pens.

In addition, a negative trend was observed in different HRQoL dimensions with increasing screen time in both boys and girls.

For example, in Sweden, the blood test for phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth), a highly significant and specific marker of alcohol use, is increasingly used as a routine test in primary care for patients with hypertension [ 19 ].

(2016), age, gender, education, and marital status showed a weakly significant association with willingness to trade length of life [ 12 ].

1D) showed an increasing trend with age.

Introduction An increasing trend regarding the frequency of gambling behaviors has been observed all over the world in the last years, which suggests that gambling is becoming a normalized leisure activity [ 1 , 2 ].

Although the air pollution-related disease burden of stroke in the population over 50 years of age showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2021, it is still very important to urge older people to take personal preventive measures not only against air pollutants but also against other modifiable stroke risk factors [ 24 ].

In Bangladesh, as in other developing countries, there is a significant trend of gender-based discrimination in health-seeking behaviors, with male children generally receiving more care than female children [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].

In contrast, MH incidence in the high-middle SDI region exhibited an increasing trend, with a net drift of 0.92% per annum (95% UI: 0.18 to 1.67).

These findings suggest that food security did not demonstrate a significant trend in relation to low muscle mass.

Conversely, middle and low-middle SDI regions showed an increasing trend, high SDI regions demonstrated a decreasing trend, and low SDI regions remained relatively stable (Figure S11-S12, Tables S1 - S8 ).

The results indicate that age plays a crucial role; individuals aged 25–29 are more than twice as likely to engage in injecting behaviours (AOR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.29–4.03) compared to those aged 18–19, while those in the 30–34 age group show an even higher (AOR = 3.09, 95%CI = 1.82–5.23), suggesting an increasing trend of risk with age.

Results All COVID-19 related indices and measurements in this study showed a decreasing trend across the board with the exception of the number of total and positive polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) tests.

These sex differences were statistically significant or borderline significant for the frequency items related to partners and parents, and were consistently significant across all items for emotional impact (Table 2 ).

Abstract Background Poor knowledge of smoking-related diseases is a major concern as smoking is associated with an increasing trend in smoking-related illnesses globally and in Malaysia.

In Italy, the incidence of occupational respiratory diseases among agricultural workers was reported to be 19 per 100,000; in the industry and service sectors, the corresponding number amounted to 14.5 per 100,000 workers, with an increasing trend [ 58 , 59 ].

An increasing trend is indicated when both the EAPC and the lower limit of its 95% CI are positive, while a decreasing trend is confirmed when both the EAPC and the upper limit of its 95% CI are negative.

Across SDI regions, a decreasing trend in the ASDR for smoking-attributable stroke in men was observed between 1990 and 2021.