Excerpts

We observed an overall trend toward decreased HLA-DR expression on CD14 + monocytes meta-clusters in sepsis as compared to HC, which is one of the hallmarks for sepsis.

Whilst bulk sequencing techniques generate detailed readouts of gene expression, they potentially miss out on small differences on a cell-per-cell basis that may be significant when taken in context of the position in which they occur.

Moreover, the group of nBP patients showed a trend towards increased IL-17-producing T cell responses against BP180, which was not statistically significant in comparison to HC.

These studies not only indicated a highly significant association between AAV and HLA regions but also showed genetic distinctions between different clinical phenotypes and ANCA specificity.

However, levels of GM-CSF, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-17A, CCL2, and CXCL10 showed a trend of decrease in the K group compared to the W group.

TIM-3 expression showed a trend towards higher expression in both compartments in people with HIV ( Figure 3I ) but was significantly elevated only in peripheral blood MAIT cells ( P = 0.0171).

The absolute numbers of B cells were also significantly reduced in the spleen of Bap1 fl/fl Cre mice and showed a trend toward reduction in the lymph nodes ( Figures 1C–E ).

In the case of anti-Mi-2, it was different between geographic zones and showed a trend to diminish in higher latitude.

In these patients the change in itaconate levels showed highly significant negative correlation with changes in disease activity following the initial 3 months of conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy, with a decrease in overall disease activity (DAS44) or measures of inflammation (CRP and ESR) being associated with an increase in plasma itaconate ( 137 ).

The same observation can be done for surface IgM expression ( Figures 7A, C and Supplementary Figures 9A, C ) (n = 18), whose levels showed a trend toward an increase in 15 patients (7 uCLL and 8 mCLL) out of 18 cases analyzed (10 uCLL and 8 mCLL).

In contrast, mIHC-F of hPD-L1-KLN205 tumor sections showed highly significant increases in CD8+ T cells and reductions in FoxP3+ Tregs and PD-L1 expression in PDI-1-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice ( Figures 5D, E ).

However, there was an increasing trend for changes in immune cell proportions during anti-PD-1 treatment; this indicated that these immune cells were associated with a favorable response to PD-1 inhibition ( Figure 5B ; Wilcoxon test).

P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and less than 0.01 and 0.001 was considered extremely significant.

Moreover, low dose of NSAIDs showed a trend towards an increase of PD-1 expression on CD8 + CD19.CAR-T cells on day 10 compared to the expression on day 5.

Highly significant upstream regulators were mostly transcription factors functionally related to cell cycle, development or survival.

Moreover, Th17 cell frequencies were significantly decreased in obese MS patients after PA intake, and showed a trend towards lower cell counts in non-obese MS patients supplemented with PA compared to the baseline ( Figure 5C ).

Given the small number of clearly significant effects, we apply a gene set enrichment analysis approach to identify effects that are significant at the gene set level even though non-significant at the gene level.

Intriguingly, at day 8 post ablation, eosinophils were significantly increased in the fast freeze group, and exhibited an increasing trend in the slow freeze group ( Figure 4D ).

A P-value of 0.01–0.05, 0.001–0.01 and <0.001 was considered significant, very significant, and extremely significant, respectively.

Notably, most of these cytokines/chemokines showing significantly increased expression in patients with ARDS showed an obvious trend of decrease after 14 d.a.o.

We examined six proteins from RA Score using the immunoblotting technique and confirmed two of them, TNFAIP6 /TSG6 and HSP90AB1 /HSP90, with S100A8 /MRP8 protein trending near significance.

Interestingly, we found that all four patients analyzed (three before and one after HSCT) showed a trend towards reduced expression of Vα7.2 on their CD3 + T cells as compared to normal controls tested in parallel (median: MHCII-D 2.1%; HD 6.8%) ( Figures 3E, F ).

Sterile transcripts of IgG1 in B cells stimulated with LPS and IL-4 showed a trend of decreased production germline IgG1 transcripts in splenic B cells isolated from mb1 cre IL-4Rα -/lox mice ( Supplementary Figure 1F ).

Though the lower responses exhibited to the vaccines in the LMICs was observed irrespective of helminth status in the countries investigated, it is considered that co-infection with helminths is highly significant ( 81 – 83 ).

Interestingly, vaginal T-cell responses were comparable to those detected in the rectum, supporting this platform of immunization as a way to achieve responses at two sites that are highly significant in HIV transmission.