Excerpts

Concentrations of Chl a started a decreasing trend after 11:15, almost 2 h before the end of the illumination period that coincided with the time of flooding at the sampling site ( Figure 1 ).

While a decreasing trend of level was observed, the levels in the heat-shocked group were still higher than that in the non-shocked group at 3 and 6 dpi, indicating that HSP70 possesses protective function especially for early-onset infection (Figures 4A,B ).

Chloroplastic pigment equivalents showed a higher variability between stations and sediment layers (Figure 3 and Table 1 ), with higher concentration in pockmark A164 and a decreasing trend along the vertical sediment profile in all sampled stations.

Another interesting point is that there was an extremely significant difference in the growth variability of the freshwater and seawater V. parahaemolyticus strains in the environmental condition of 37°C and 3% NaCl concentration.

Degradation of Crude Oil by Selected Consortium The crude oil degradation rate of consortium 10 revealed that there was an increasing trend in degradation for every successive week up to the 5th week (84.15%) whereas minimum (42.24%) was recorded in the 1st week of incubation ( Figure 4 ).

cholerae O139 in India showed a trend of resistance to neomycin (Mukhopadhyay et al., 1998 ).

The organization of the banding patterns in the dendrogram as a result of the UPGMA method and DICE correlation show a clear trend of grouping by type of olive fermentations (Gordal or Manzanilla).

veronii C4 (pN-PA-2) showed extremely significant differences compared with those of wild type at 5, 10, 15% glucose and sucrose (Figure 6A ).

minutus EPS showed an increasing trend after UVBR.

Results: PCOS patients showed a decrease in bacteria from the phylum Actinobacteria and a borderline significant shift in bacterial community composition in unweighted UniFrac analysis.

This effect was only marginally significant, but it is tempting to speculate that this trend might have been linked to inability of translocated-oyster immune system to control the resident microbiota acquired from the new environment, resulting in more bacteria evading the oyster immune defenses and establishing in the hemolymph.

JC1 showed a trend toward inhibition of V. anguillarum with ZOIs ranging from 2.7 to 3.3 mm ( Figures 5A,E ; Supplementary Figures S2E – H ) although, a one-way ANOVA determined that the ZOIs were not statistically different ( F 3,60 = 2.553, P = 0.0639).

Introduction Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported zoonosis in the European Union showing an increasing trend over the period of 2008–2014, and the occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter in broiler meat remains high at 38.4% in 2014 ( European Food Safety Authority [EFSA] and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [ECDC], 2015 ).

Highly significant hits against different protein databases allowed us to derive the biochemical functions of query protein.

Bioavailable DOC roughly followed total DOC concentrations over the year in both systems, showing a decreasing trend from the beginning of the year, and accounting for 9–52 and 6–47% of total DOC for RF and GB, respectively ( Figures 1C,D ).

Linear regression analysis confirmed the existence of a negative trend in each pulsotype (Table 1 ).

However, overall a decreasing trend was observed from the product selectivity curve.

Next, two-way ANOVA of fold changes (model: fold change = medium conditions + replicates + system error) in the three biological replicates and filtering of regulated proteins on the basis of a P -value < 0.00001 allowed us to identify 325 proteins with highly significant fold change abundances in the induced exoproteome compared to those from the original CD medium (Supplementary Figure S1 ; Supplementary Table S2 ).

These shifts were characterized by a decline in all treatments at 11:30 h compared to in situ data, (most apparent in the PA treatment), followed by an increasing trend in samples from the afternoon ( Figure 2 ; Supplementary Table S1 ).

In these cases, the EET might be no or only a minor mode of energy generation but will rather consume additional resources and provide the involved species a short time but possibly significant selection advantage.

For instance in one study, having a BMI > 30 was linked to increased free glycogen in vaginal fluid, although this relationship was only marginally significant (Mirmonsef et al., 2014 ).

A highly significant correlation between the abundance of transposases and tet genes has been observed also in swine manure (Zhu et al., 2013 ).

Similarly, an increasing trend in the Chao1 estimates of species richness was observed postpartum, which began to plateau at around 20,000 sequences per sample (Figure 1 ).

There is a clear trend overall of more detections on each edge as k increases, but with some exceptions: at k = 20 we find three edges not seen at k = 30, from group D to B2 (257 transfers), from B2 to S (443) and from B2 to E (3574), while transfers from D to B1 decrease from 4659 at k = 20 to 3200 at k = 30.

As revealed by ANOVA analysis, genotype had highly significant effect on DGR-myg and DGR-sd (data not shown).