Excerpts

Under adequate Fe supply, there was indeed a clear trend that P deficiency led to a larger area of cortical lesions.

These results indicate interaction with DELLA proteins is possibly significant for functions of these BlSPL genes.

In particular, throughout the anther development process, the SOD, CAT, and POD activity levels were higher in the IAMSLs than those in 706B, where there was a highly significant difference between the levels in the IAMSLs and 706B in the late uninucleate stage, as found in a previous study ( Song et al., 2008 ; Liu et al., 2011 ).

An increasing trend in weight, size, soluble solids, and anthocyanin were consistent with the phase transition from green-hard (0 DAA) to green-soft (50 DAA), pink-soft (60 DAA), and red-soft (80 DAA) developmental stages ( Supplementary Figure S6 ).

The growth-retarded quadruple mutants showed a trend for a decrease of the ratio of indolyl-3-methyl-GSL (I3M) and increase of the ratio of 4-methoxy-indolyl-3-methyl-GSL (1MI3M) although the change of 1MI3M in Q3;2 was not statistically significant.

In the present work, proline increased in both RL and FL samples under cold storage, while RH samples revealed a decreasing trend of this amino acid both under and after cold storage (Supplementary Figure S5A ).

Total soluble solids (TSS), higher at harvest in FL and RL as compared to RH, showed an increasing trend in FL and RL control fruit while in refrigerated samples no marked changes were observed.

A two-way analysis of variance revealed a highly significant effect of genotype on all minor-vein and gas-exchange parameters with the exception of vascular cell numbers per minor vein normalized for vein density ( Table 2 ).

Based on the comparison of the different responses of the two varieties under iron deficiency, we propose a signal originated in the shoot and was transmitted into the root to induce the ROS system, and because the reduced iron content in Yang 6 leaf resulted in a stronger signal, the range of increase in Yang 6 was highly significant.

Synthesis of phospholipids as major components of photosynthetic membranes in chloroplasts is highly significant in spring to fulfill the increasing need in energy and carbon compounds.

Analysis with full genetic model identified 38∼47 highly significant loci (-log 10 P EW > 5), while estimated total heritability were 64.32∼79.06% with large contributions due to dominance and dominance related epistasis effects (16.00∼56.91%).

The differences between cultivars were highly significant for all the three plant parts, where “Red sonnet” was characterized by the greater dry weight (shoots +102%, leaves +81%, and flowers +96%) than “Yellow flower showers.” Plant total aboveground dry weight was significantly higher in both doses compared to the control: from 0 to 0.1 g L −1 dose dry weight increased by 15%, whereas from 0 to 0.2 g L −1 by 10%.

Leaf N and P had no or weakly significant relationships with latitude, but significantly increased with increasing altitude.

The mean air temperatures for the year, January, and July are -5 to 11 ° C, -18 to -6 ° C and 5 to 20 ° C, respectively, which also show a decreasing trend from the southeast to the northwest.

Concerning the 15 N isotope composition, as observed by other authors ( Kolb and Evans, 2003 ) a decreasing trend of δ 15 N values within the different plant organs was observed as lifecycle draws on, decreasing in the non-fertilized plant organs from a mean 6‰ at GS36 and GS60 to 3.5‰ at GS90 and from a mean 4‰ to 2‰ in the fertilized plants ( Figure 2 ).

The N concentration of vegetative organs (fourth and flag leaves) showed a trend to diminish along the wheat crop lifecycle ( Figure 2 ).

In the case of early-flowering species, non-significant results were also found for all other traits, whereas the tests were significant or marginally significant for late-flowering species, indicating stronger differences between the optimal and projected temperatures in the future in this plant group (Figure 4 , Table 5 ).

Although a majority of previous studies examining seagrass responses to stressors show a positive trend of higher diversity providing a greater capacity to resist or recover ( Jahnke et al., 2015 ; Salo and Gustafsson, 2016 ), there are two examples that also show a negative relationship between genotypic diversity and the resilience of seagrass to disturbance ( Diaz-Almela et al., 2007 ; Arnaud-Haond et al., 2010 ).

Genotypic diversity also showed a negative trend with two morphological characteristics known to confer resilience on seagrass in Moreton Bay, leaf chlorophyll concentrations and seagrass biomass.

The quantile diagnostic plots showed a trend toward normal distribution for the population means of TS, Height, SPGR, and Shape, while bimodal normal distributions were observed for the means of TTY, ATW, Vigor and Infl/plant (Supplementary Figure 1 ).

Leachate Measurement of nitrate leaching showed a clear trend of increased leaching when faba bean was grown as a precrop compared to barley ( Figures 4 , 5 ).

Wheat straw application resulted in a positive trend of winter barley yield under higher N conditions ( Figure 3A ), which could be either caused by remineralization of immobilized N during the growing season, but also due to decomposition and subsequent N release contained in the wheat straw itself ( Di and Cameron, 2002 ).

Furthermore, an interesting trend was observed in that increasing concentrations of Ni and Cu resulted in a gradual drop in profilin content.

Fully developed flowers of CcMYB12 transgenic tobacco lines showed a high content of flavonols as kaempferol derivatives when compared to WT flowers, whereas a clear trend did not emerge for quercetin derivatives ( Figures 8E,F ).

Highly significant phenotypic correlations were present between traits.