Excerpts

We believe that what led our L2 → L1 effects to be highly significant was a combination of the large statistical power we had (36 participants/group and 58 items/condition) and of the lexical characteristics of the test items.

Discussion The results from this experiment showed that similar to what was previously found with the existing subtitle-based frequency norms, the SUBTLEX-GR frequency estimates were found to successfully account for the reading performance of the participants, showing a highly significant main effect.

Finally, the highly significant inter-participant effect found here reflects not only the effect of inter-individual variations between participants but also differences in the violin and sound recording.

The group scores of the shame scale showed a positive trend, though not statistically significant.

Visuotopic Representation Differs among Medial Optic-flow Regions Our MVPA results for Stimulus Size classification revealed a significant effect in V6, a partially significant effect in the PcM, and no significant effect in the CSv ( Figure 6D ).

In spite of this, her scores showed a trend of improvement on two out of three of her highest scoring schemas.

In both cases, there were highly significant differences between our four samples.

Large changes or differences in instructional experience may be needed to produce practically significant violations of assumptions, and the effects may be very specific and limited to few items of a test (Linn, 1990 ).

No significant difference was observed between the groups for the AT MCQ-feelings Total score, though a statistical trend was observed.

Statistically significant differences are indicated with an asterisk, and marginally significant effects are marked with a dagger throughout the paper.

Even then the positive coefficient in the expansion sub-period is only marginally significant.

In adults, the intercept for the intentional contrast was significant and was only marginally significant for the causal contrast, indicating that adults integrated the protagonists’ intentions to harm in their moral judgment while they only had a tendency to integrate the protagonists’ causal roles.

They studied 65 children born preterm and found that the number of normal postural patterns displayed between 11 and 16 weeks after term contributed significantly to the prediction of total and verbal IQs, and almost significantly to that of performance IQs.

Also, work avoidance goals were a negative predictor for student learning (however, only marginally significant for the overall assessment of teaching quality).

The comparison between the synonymous verb and Alt verbs was not significant in the former analysis but was marginally significant in the latter.

Following common parlance in the literature, we refer to statistical findings with p -values of between 0.05 and 0.10 as “marginally significant.” To obtain the delta plots, the RTs for each participant and distractor type were rank ordered and divided in five RT quintiles (bins) of equal or near-equal size.

In addition, “marginally significant effects” do not exist: the false positive error rate must be decided before the experiment is run and cannot be re-adjusted after looking at the data; because p values are not accurate, even if you use robust statistics, in practice it might be impossible to dissociate, e.g., p = 0.04 from p = 0.06.

Nonetheless, the Orangutans showed a trend in the preference for symmetry as revealed by the descriptive values ( Table 1 ) and the model output for the fixation preference ( Table 2 ).

Describing marginally significant effects also puts you in the awkward position of describing a threshold for marginal significance – will it be 0.06, 0.07, 0.08?

Effects on naming As shown on Table 2 , the typical frequency effect on naming, with higher frequency words named better than lower frequency ones, was significant for five of the participants (DAN, ZAB, BAR, ARI, DOR), and marginally significant for the other three (YOS, LER, NAV).

It is interesting to note, however, that although second contrast was not significant, the difference in responses showed a trend toward higher perceived politician's competence for participants from the control condition (see Figure 3 ).

Controlling for extrapyramidal side effects, the ANCOVA of patient's total scores revealed a highly significant effect of the treatment on the severity of overall negative symptoms: While the main effects of the two factors Group and Time were not significant, their interaction was significant at a level of 0.01.

Finally, although the P2 amplitude for the pure tone tended to be larger in musicians than in non-musicians in this study ( p < 0.07 LSD test), the same contrast was highly significant when professional musicians were used in a prior study (Figure 3 ).

These experiments were sensitive enough to yield a highly significant repetition effect in Experiment 2.

The interaction of set size and second delay approached significance, but the three-way interaction was not significant.