Excerpts

Cu and Sn elements show a clear trend, and their distribution is quite similar to As and Mo elements.

Thus, it is estimated that in Europe, this risk will increase significantly in relation to climate change, and that mortality from traumatic causes may be significant [ 32 ].

However, national data reported a decreasing trend in the under-5 mortality rate, with 71.3 deaths per 1000 live births in 2016, and among the top causes of post-neonatal death being Pneumonia, Malaria, and AIDS [ 8 ].

In addition, the proportion that hospitalization expenses accounted for the annual incomes of every farmer was in a decreasing trend.

(4) Customer collaborative innovation of low-carbon products is an important trend.

Although a decreasing trend of the doses was suggested, it was not possible to account for temporal changes in the doses based on the data in which variations were reflected.

Overall mixed trends in annual associations were observed for IHD and CEV, but a decreasing trend for OHD.

In the past 50 years, both the annual precipitation and natural runoff in the Luanhe River Basin (LRB) had a decreasing trend.

The simulation results of the LRB show that from 2020 to 2050, the annual mean of TN and TP load presented a trend of RCP2.6 < RCP4.5 < RCP8.5 < reference period, and the occurrence probability of extreme water pollution events showed a trend of RCP4.5 > reference period > RCP2.6 > RCP8.5.

The water pollution presents an increasing trend with extension from tributaries to mainstream, diffusion from region to basin, penetration from surface to underground, and spreading from urban to rural areas [ 5 , 7 , 8 ].

It is evident that in 2000–2004, 2004–2008, 2008–2013, and 2013–2017 the annual average conversion rate from high-grade to low-grade ecological risk (i.e., LOW-EXL, REL-EXL, REL-LOW, MED-EXL, MED-LOW, MED-REL, REH-EXL, REH-LOW, REH-REL, REH-MED, HIG-EXL, HIG-LOW, HIG-REL, HIG-MED, HIG-REH, EXH-EXL, EXH-LOW, EXH-REL, EXH-MED, EXH-REH, and HIG-REH) exhibited a decreasing trend.

Therefore, risk assessment based on the source-sink landscape model is an important trend in future use of the LERP model.

For urban residential consumption and rural residential consumption, the proportions of carbon density both fluctuated and followed an increasing trend, but the change rate of rural residential consumption was higher than urban residential consumption.

Though the proportion of carbon density of agriculture changed slightly, as a whole, it showed a decreasing trend (from 8.30% to 2.47%).

What our study has demonstrated, however, is that adolescents with a high SES present a significant trend towards socialization, irrespective of their weight status.

Larger nurseries offered comparatively more shade in their outdoor areas than small and medium-sized nurseries, revealing a significant trend ( Table 1 , Figure 2 a,b).

Regarding the size of the nursery, a clear trend could also be observed here, since larger nurseries implemented more often important UVR preventing measures like seeking shade or avoiding peak sun intensity hours than smaller nurseries. 3.4.

Yet, interview data also suggested an increasing trend toward the exploration of more proactive, preventative, and resilience building initiatives within DMH, which, while still fledging in terms of an empirical evidence base [ 17 ], would also be well aligned with broader developments in disaster policy and the move toward the promotion of disaster resilient communities, health systems, and societies [ 18 , 19 ]. 4.3.

It is important to explore further the reason that only marginally significant decreases in disparities in out-of-pocket drug utilization and no changes in physician visits occurred post-ACA for Hispanic breast cancer survivors.

The distribution index interval for these two durations showed a decreasing trend as the duration increased.

We can see that although the river flow exhibited an increasing trend in general, the variations in the flow during the spawning period were not exactly the same.

From 2004 to 2008, technological progress gradually showed a trend toward labor.

As to air pollutants, there was a decreasing trend of concentration from 2014 to 2016.

However, when PCB was included in the model, the association between PFOS and the SHBG and LH attenuated and became only borderline significant.

The positive association between PCB and SHBG levels among the Faroese young men is consistent with a previous study of Faroese 14-years old boys where increased SHBG levels were observed at higher PCB exposure levels [ 38 ] and, albeit only of borderline significance, in the Faroese fertile men [ 24 ].