Excerpts

Livestock ownership, such as sheep and goats, was significantly and positively associated with child anemia in Ghana, while free-range poultry showed marginal significance [ 32 ].

Our pilot study conducted in 2016 recorded a marginally significant reduction of anemia (RR = 0.48; 95%CI = 0.24–0.96) after providing a gift of egg-laying hens to children and promoting separate chicken sheltering [ 29 ].

However, the results showed an increasing trend for both GM and GL EMG results after 12 weeks of training, suggesting that the duration of the intervention was too short to make a significant difference.

A potential source of response bias was the alteration of the face-to-face final follow-up to a telephone re-audit [ 38 ], which was minimized by comparing the 6-month and 12-month effectiveness and observing a positive trend in improvement in most factors.

These factors may be significant for recovery-enhancing processes [ 4 ] and/or well-being outcomes [ 88 , 89 ]. 3.4.

The analysis of these changes showed a clear trend, indicating a systematic improvement in the social and living conditions of society.

On average, a decreasing trend from pre–postintervention was observed in scores for depressive symptoms, perceived stress, pregnancy-related anxiety, negative affect, emotional eating, and uncontrolled eating behaviors.

Descriptive analysis indicates a slight significance at 1% of this relationship between alcohol consumption and academic work.

This again shows a clear trend that in a naive population (up to 10% resistant) mobility and growth rate of cases are clearly correlated; hence restricting access or controlling density may be beneficial.

Both of these sources of model error are likely to be significant for exposure scenarios coded for the purposes of validation from literature sources and, without recourse to original data nor expertise, should be explicitly considered when evaluating model performance in the context of validation studies.

Firstly, variability in personal exposures may be significant: even for the case studies in this work, where measurement data were of sufficient breadth to support a measurement-based exposure assessment, the uncertainty in the GM and 90th percentile, as characterised by the width of the credible interval from the adapted ART posterior, is non-trivial.

A nonsignificant trend was identified towards low-risk pregnant women expressing more perceived benefits of screening compared to high-risk-for-PE pregnant women.

Further, the breakdown of sales channels for hearing aids showed a positive trend between adoption rate and relative user empowerment by product design [ 35 ].

We used a longer period as a reference to take into account a possible trend component, as the geographical area under study has been affected in recent years by legislative interventions aimed at mitigating the environmental risks.

Increasing Se supported a decrease in abnormal sperm head morphology, and increasing nickel (Ni) was associated with an increasing trend for abnormal sperm head morphology.

They projected that the environmental impact would be highest for Indonesia, with a clear trend for higher consumption of ASFs, vegetable oils, and fats for all the countries [ 29 ].

A limitation of our study is the lack of data on the work activity of the patients, which meant we could only hypothesise the possible relation between metals and ALS pathogenesis on the basis of the highly significant correlation observed, which suggests an interaction.

However, significant or marginally significant interactions regarding the availability of head rotation and binaural/monaural hearing were observed with those of availability of head rotation and binaural/monaural hearing ( p < 0.10 ), binaural/monaural hearing and obstacle width ( p < 0.05 ), availability of head rotation and obstacle distance ( p < 0.10 ), and binaural/monaural hearing and obstacle width and distance ( p < 0.05 ).

A larger effect size indicates that the result is more practically significant.

Most provinces show a clear trend of decreasing carbon emissions with increasing SUB values.

The overall bedroom privacy has a moderately significant negative correlation with residents’ degree centrality in their social networks, network size of roommates, and frequency of contact with non-roommates in the common areas.

Discussion This cross-sectional study among early adolescents in Khartoum State, Sudan, showed a trend for components of metabolic syndrome to be associated with short sleep duration and that weight status was significantly associated with short sleep.

Frequent laughter/high level of subjective happiness had a negative trend toward hypertension (0.90, 95% CI: 0.81–1.00).

Together, these findings suggest that the impact of the built environment on travelling to the beach may be significant, and thus further investigation into travel demand modelling and planning practices is warranted.

However, it is important to note that there was a reduction in the salivary cortisol levels from the beginning to the end of the shifts, showing a negative trend in each group ( Table 4 ).