Excerpts

In addition, TI has shown a positive trend in working memory modulation, although its effect magnitude remains relatively limited compared with some existing techniques [ 50 , 101 , 102 ].

Although CT showed a trend toward higher Klotho levels than AT, this difference did not reach statistical significance.

AZA and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) also showed negative correlations with IL-8 ( PS = −0.26 for both), with borderline significance (FDR = 0.068 and 0.071, respectively).

As a crucial driver of stress-induced apoptosis, JNK shows an elevated trend in the penumbra region caused by PTS [ 171 ] and can enhance the pro-apoptotic effect of p53 [ 177 ].

found that although BCG does not change the proportion of natural killer (NK) cell subsets, it enhances the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1B, after stimulation with unrelated bacteria [ 36 ], whereas a randomised controlled trial found a borderline significant increasing effect for monocytes [ 12 ].

Total colony composition showed a trend toward reduced erythroid colony proportions in both clones ( Figure 2 E).

CRC-associated data exhibited significant enrichment in the CRC cohort with genera such as Peptoniphilus, Finegoldia, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium demonstrating highly significant q-values (e.g., Peptoniphilus: q = 2.38 × 10 −37 ) ( Table 4 ).

In MASLD mice, the M80 group showed an increasing trend in AA, PA, and BA levels.

p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, while p < 0.01 indicated highly significant differences.

To minimize bias and provide a biological context, we focused on both the top nominally significant functions and functions previously implicated in ASD, as shown in Table 3 .

We found highly significant enrichment of DMP genes among all SFARI gene categories across all phenotypic groups, with the most robust enrichment observed in the moderate ASD group (87 overlapping genes, adjusted p -value < 0.001), followed by severe ASD (62 genes, adjusted p -value = 0.001) and all ASD (62 genes, adjusted p -value = 0.001) ( Table 4 and Figure 5 A–C).

While TL50 and TL100 showed a trend toward reduced blood glucose compared to the HFD group, the highest dose (TL150) did not yield additional hypoglycemic benefits.

Intestinimonas butyriciproducens , identified by Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, exhibited an increasing trend, although the increase in adenomas compared with controls was not statistically significant ( Figure 1 D).

By contrast, the gibberellin 2-oxidase ( GA2ox ) branch, which is associated with gibberellin deactivation and catabolite formation, showed a decreasing trend across multiple nodes.

The difference between SL9 and SL12 showed an increasing trend but did not reach statistical significance.

NOx metabolites (NO 2 − + NO 3 − ), did not significantly change during the race in either NFRs or FRs, although a decreasing trend was observed in NFRs.

The emergence weight also exhibited an increasing trend, increasing by 3.02% compared with the CK group.

As shown in Figure 1 A–C, the expression levels of Acta2 and Col1a1 were significantly elevated in the CKD group compared with those in the Normal group ( p < 0.001), whereas Tgf-β1 expression showed an increasing trend but did not reach statistical significance.

However, Verrucomicrobiota showed a decreasing trend in the CKD group and a relative increase following HY7718 supplementation, whereas Pseudomonadota tended to increase in the CKD and AP groups.

FA-conjugated formulations did not cause excessive toxicity but showed a trend toward increased efficacy in HeLa cells compared to non-FA counterparts, suggesting that FA enhances treatment response rather than causing nonspecific damage.

The significance was determined based on p -values: ns (non-significant), * p ≤ 0.01 (significant), ** p ≤ 0.001 (more significant), and *** p ≤ 0.0001 (highly significant). 5.

Chemical derivatization strategies Chemical derivatization has emerged as another strategy to optimize luteolin’s pharmacokinetic profile by modulating its physicochemical properties; this strategy is particularly relevant for luteolin that displays numerous phenolic hydroxyl groups that, although highly significant for its redox biological activity, strongly contributes to its low membrane permeability, high instability within physiological environments, and fast phase II metabolism (glucuronidation, sulfation).

The results showed highly significant differences in the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), C-reactive protein (CRP), and range of motion (ROM) measurements of the hip between the BV phonophoresis group and the control group.

Several other characteristics known to be correlated with an increased ROM of thyroid nodules, such as microcalcifications detected in US and a high European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Database System (EU-TIRADS) class, showed a trend towards correlation.

Although this result was not statistically significant, it showed a trend towards poorer overall survival in the low miR-34a expression group, consistently with the fixed-effect pooled estimate.