Excerpts

In the cross-section, the fibrous sheath exhibits an increasing trend from IB to OB, opposite to the variation in porosity.

Table 3 highlights these differences with the use of Equation (5): (5) % Difference = value of the second method - value of the first method value of the first method × 100 % As shown in Table 3 , the differences between the mixes are relatively small in terms of viscosity, but quite significant in terms of yield stress.

It can be seen from these figures that the UCS of the samples shows an increasing trend with the increase of PLI and BTS.

The results reveal a clear trend across all samples, where compressive strength generally increases as the material ages.

As shown in Figure 15 , 3424 cm −1 is the peak associated with carbamate, and the overall peak area at this position shows a decreasing trend, indicating that the structure of the polyurethane hardness part has been damaged.

However, with the increasing number of cycles, both quality and strength exhibited a decreasing trend.

When the FC was 0.8–1.0%, the permeability coefficient showed an increasing trend again.

As the rubber replacement rate increases, the peak load in the figures exhibits a decreasing trend, consistent with experimental findings.

The data analysis in Table 1 indicates that the unit cell parameters of the doped ceramics showed a decreasing trend with increasing samarium concentration.

Conversely, the stiffness modulus demonstrated a decreasing trend with increasing asphalt content, indicating reduced structural rigidity and heightened fatigue damage at higher asphalt percentages.

However, as the environment changed from a room temperature environment to a simulated seawater environment, the necking phenomenon gradually weakened, the section shrinkage rate showed a decreasing trend, and the brittleness increased.

With an increase in the RCA substitution rate, the compressive strength of pervious concrete showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the permeability coefficient tended to decrease and then increase, which was similar to most research conclusions [ 17 , 18 ].

The solubility of water in the insulating oil of PXE power capacitors exhibits an increasing trend with rising temperatures.

The width of the lamellar α also shows a decreasing trend.

As shown in Figure 13 , the results show that from the bottom to the top of the cladding layer, the temperature gradient and shape control factor show a decreasing trend, while the solidification rate and cooling rate show an increasing trend.

Another parameter that defines the TFT performance is a sub-threshold swing (SS), which shows a decreasing trend from RT to high-temperature deposition.

When the given wire feeding speed was consistent, the arc width showed a decreasing trend as the welding speed increased from 180 cm/min to 240 cm/min.

As the rotation speed increased (450, 500, and 550 rpm), the grain size showed an increasing trend (7.2 ± 0.6 μm, 7.4 ± 0.5 μm, and 7.7 ± 0.3 μm, respectively), and the kernel average misorientation showed a decreasing trend (5.0, 4.8, and 4.3, respectively), as shown in Figure 24 [ 40 ].

In terms of mechanical properties, the results are summarized in Figure 25 ; as we can see, strength (YS and UTS) showed a decreasing trend, but the EL showed a slightly increasing trend [ 40 ].

Meanwhile, the hydrogen evolution results in Figure 4 b indicate that, during the whole immersion time, the corrosion rate of the blank concentration increased continuously, while the corrosion rate showed a decreasing trend with the addition of a corrosion inhibitor.

The data reveals a clear trend in the maturation of compressive strength in the concrete, with an expectation of reaching approximately 100% of its maximum strength by 90 days.

In a similar manner, glass-ceramic samples coded as CASP exhibited a decreasing trend in hardness values as the sintering temperature increased.

Among them, FAB shows the strongest weight gain curve and still shows an increasing trend after the 35 h.

Consequently, as the measurement temperature increased, the Seebeck coefficient exhibited a decreasing trend, contrasting with the behavior observed for electrical conductivity.

Figure 9 shows the thermal conductivity of CuFeS 2 , highlighting a notable trend: as both the measurement temperature and HP temperature increased, the thermal conductivity exhibited a decrease.