Excerpts

With the increase in Ni content, the porosity showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of the electrode also showed the same changing trend.

These cracks were hardly significant and visible at magnifications of up to 10x.

The chosen shape memory alloys exhibited a decreasing trend when tested in concentrated sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions.

The results showed a trend of approximately 1% increase in the absorption value for each 10% of additional adhered mortar in RCA coming from concrete with strengths between 51.7 and 68.5 MPa.

Furthermore, the standard methods usually used to determine the water absorption capacity of sands are much less precise for fRCA [ 75 ], with a significant trend towards overestimating it.

It appears that, apart from 2% and 4% MWIFA fillers, there is an increasing trend for OBC, but no such trend was observed for SD fillers.

Previous studies found a decreasing trend of %VMA values to the increasing bitumen contents in paving mixtures with various fly ashes and SD as mineral fillers [ 15 , 61 , 62 , 64 ]. 3.6.

Figure 25 reveals that the average milling force for the x-, y-, and z-axes all demonstrated an increasing trend with the augmentation of the axial depth of cut.

It is highly significant to investigate the cost-effective and efficient preparation of 2D NMs and to enhance their functionality in the relevant application fields.

In the following diagram, we can see the variation in cases and the possibility that there may be significant differences in the measured parameters between the two groups.

As the aging time increases, both the SBSAB and NASBS asphalt samples exhibit an increasing trend in viscosity.

The modulus of elasticity of the material also exhibits a decreasing trend.

For composites whose matrix was made exclusively from rigid polyester, an increase in flexural resistance was obtained from a 20% slate fiber weight, which is quite significant, as an increase in resistance of 77% was obtained in comparison with the specimen without reinforcement.

In detail, the instability zones are mainly located in the low-temperature and high-strain rate region, and their areas all show an increasing trend with increasing strain.

When the compressive stress reached a critical loading level (i.e., 0.5 f c ), the cumulative water content of SMA-ECC and ECC specimens exhibited an increasing trend as the loading level further increased.

If the contour lines form elliptical shapes, it indicates a highly significant interaction between the two factors.

As the NS content increased, the elastic modulus of the ITZ increased first, and then showed a decreasing trend when the NS content exceeded 1%.

Whether it is the experimental results or the numerical analysis results, with the increase in depth, the PGA presents an increasing trend.

The results demonstrate a significant impact of the pull-off speed on the contact surface stress, with a clear trend of lower velocities resulting in reduced interface stress.

The wear rate showed a trend of an initial fall and subsequent rise, similar to the wear rate of the Cr coating at 40 N in Section 3.2 .

As shown in Figure 11 , under the same impact energy level, different impact masses, and impact velocities, the peak force of the gradient hourglass lattice sandwich structure is different, showing an increasing trend with increasing impact velocity.

However, a decreasing trend for elevated temperatures can be observed.

The analysis presented in Figure 12 indicates a clear trend—the longer the exposure time of the 3D-printed PLA+CF specimens to mineral engine oil, the more pronounced the reduction in both the average maximum force and average breaking force.

Despite the development of TF showing a favorable trend, there was a very serious problem that plagued many research groups, which was its high pulverization ratio.

The experimental density, however, exhibits a more pronounced decrement with increasing MD content, demonstrating a decreasing trend—the percentage difference in porosity increases from 1.24% in A to 3.91% in F.