Excerpts

The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are summarised as follows: As expected, the normal and cutting forces showed an increasing trend with the increasing scratching velocity when using the Johnson–Cook constitutive model, while the scratching speed had no influence on the simulated forces in the case of the elasto-plastic material model.

In this study, DC of SBU showed a trend similar to previous reports [ 38 ].

Currently, there is an increasing trend in using the PolyJet method to produce models for the medical industry, especially the dental industry [ 33 , 34 ], as well as injection molds and model sets for silicone molds used in short production runs [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].

With respect to global accuracy, the results suggest that the deviations in the plaster master casts generated on the basis of VPS and PE materials were, in general, small but partially significant different.

The majority of incident energy is reflected and transmitted, leading to a decreasing trend in energy absorption efficiency as the strain rate increases. 3.5.

Notably, in the last test where a plasticizer was used, the maximum accumulated temperature was reduced by approximately 19.3 °C, almost 30%, which is quite significant.

Their p -values were all less than 0.01, making them highly significant.

The compaction levels met the testing requirements, the surface deflection values showed a decreasing trend, and the deformation resistance was good, consistent with the general development patterns of semi-rigid sub-bases.

However, our results demonstrated that the amount of each ion released from S-PRG showed a decreasing trend from the start of measurements until the 28th day ( Figure 6 ), which is consistent with the tendency of the acid buffering capacity to gradually decrease with each daily measurement, resulting in a decrease in the pH value ( Figure 4 ).

In contrast, the FM of UBT/Filler (24/76) increased significantly, while the higher filler contents in UBT/Filler (26/74) and FBF also showed an increasing trend in FM after immersion.

In the cross-section, the fibrous sheath exhibits an increasing trend from IB to OB, opposite to the variation in porosity.

Table 3 highlights these differences with the use of Equation (5): (5) % Difference = value of the second method - value of the first method value of the first method × 100 % As shown in Table 3 , the differences between the mixes are relatively small in terms of viscosity, but quite significant in terms of yield stress.

It can be seen from these figures that the UCS of the samples shows an increasing trend with the increase of PLI and BTS.

The results reveal a clear trend across all samples, where compressive strength generally increases as the material ages.

Hence, the 57.9% reduction in wear volume observed in this study within the same timeframe is highly significant.

The parameters Str and Spc did not show a clear trend of changes.

As shown in Figure 13 , the results show that from the bottom to the top of the cladding layer, the temperature gradient and shape control factor show a decreasing trend, while the solidification rate and cooling rate show an increasing trend.

Another parameter that defines the TFT performance is a sub-threshold swing (SS), which shows a decreasing trend from RT to high-temperature deposition.

When the given wire feeding speed was consistent, the arc width showed a decreasing trend as the welding speed increased from 180 cm/min to 240 cm/min.

As the rotation speed increased (450, 500, and 550 rpm), the grain size showed an increasing trend (7.2 ± 0.6 μm, 7.4 ± 0.5 μm, and 7.7 ± 0.3 μm, respectively), and the kernel average misorientation showed a decreasing trend (5.0, 4.8, and 4.3, respectively), as shown in Figure 24 [ 40 ].

In terms of mechanical properties, the results are summarized in Figure 25 ; as we can see, strength (YS and UTS) showed a decreasing trend, but the EL showed a slightly increasing trend [ 40 ].

A clear trend for a transmittance reduction with increasing acoustic stimulus frequency is observed for all compositions.

With the application of acoustic stimuli, a decreasing trend is observed in the average hardness values with increasing stimulus frequency for the composites.

As a result, in the final stage of the test, the structural length of MH26-t0.8-CT showed a significant trend of increase. 4.

The results of the ANOVA analysis indicate that the high F-values strongly suggest that the observed differences between the groups are likely to be significant rather than the result of chance.