Excerpts

Cross-population transferability of loci Of the nominally significant ( p < 1 × 10 −5 ) loci in the short and long sleep duration analyses in the AFR GWAS, none reached even a nominal significance threshold of p < 0.05 in the EUR analysis, and none demonstrate a lower p-value in the cross-population analysis.

In both cases, the calibration curves showed a highly significant linear response over a concentration range spanning two orders of magnitude ( R 2 > 0.99; p value < 10 −5 ; Fig. 3b, c ).

6b and 6f ) is highly significant ( p = 10 −5 ).

Investigating this association in a cohort of 227 medulloblastomas, we found that loss of chr3p was highly significant when searching for genomic regions tightly linked with CT (Fig. 5c , two-sided Fisher exact test, p < 10 −5 and two-sided Chi-square test, p < 10 −8 , respectively).

This overlap is highly significant ( P -value < 1e-5), especially given that Met4 ChIP-seq only shows 45 peaks throughout the entire genome.

The interaction effects on breast cancer risk of these five TF pairs were all highly significant ( P < 1 × 10 −5 ; Supplementary Data 2 ).

Localized rearrangements on a per-chromosome basis were identified using previously established metrics 19 : the presence of chromosomes that had a highly significant non-random distribution of breakpoints with a threshold of p < 10 −5 were considered to be clustered and chromosomes with high numbers of rearrangement events were identified as outliers defined as a breakpoint per megabase rate exceeding 1.5 times the length of the inter-quartile range from the seventy-fifth percentile for each sample with a minimum threshold of 35 breakpoints per chromosome.

The presence of clustered breakpoints on a per-chromosome basis 13 : chromosomes that had a highly significant non-random distribution of breakpoints with a stringent threshold of P < 10 −5 were considered to be clustered.

An initial Pearson correlation analysis indicated a highly significant association with Nonpareil diversity and pH ( R = 0.51, p < 1 × 10 −5 ), along with weaker correlations to several other parameters.

The first ranked ChIP-seq track found is the one against an overexpressed haemagglutinin (HA)-tagged MITF 21 , indicating a highly significant correlation between the E-box/MITF predictions and the ChIP-seq data (hypergeometric adjusted P -value<1.0e−05, Normalized Enrichment Score=31.2).

Two of these loci, 3p24.1 and 16q12.1, are nominally significant ( P < 1 × 10 −5 ) in our GWAS meta-analysis, but the remaining three loci (3q29, 17q25.3 and a distinct region at 22q13.1) do not reach nominal significance.

The numbers of genes or isoform-related genes having effects on eQTL, sQTL, and 3′aQTL in one or more cell conditions were 9775, 10189, and 4087, respectively (nominally significant p < 1 × 10 −5 ).

We repeated this analysis removing the 19 known ASD/ID genes ( Supplementary Data 1 ) and observed a reduced but still highly significant signal ( P =1.17 × 10 −5 ) corresponding to an odds ratio of 4.1 (95% CI=2.2–7.0).

Since our GWAS hits are of marginal significance, the false discovery rate within this range of P -values is high (for example, at P -value≤2e−05, the FDR is 0.66).

Compared to non-HDP individuals, subgroups 1–3 each had a large effect size for PAPPA2 (joint Cohen’s d = 1.05 [95% CI 0.91–1.19]), whereas subgroups 4–8 each had small effect sizes for PAPPA2 (joint Cohen’s d = 0.18 [95% CI 0.12–0.25]), a highly significant increase in effect size of 5.7-fold (95% CI 4.0x–9.3x, p < 2e−5) suggesting a strong placental involvement for subgroups 1–3.

In this model (adjusted R 2 = 0.73), sample size had no significant effect on α ( β = −1.2e-04, p -value = 0.48), whereas IGRs showed a highly significant positive shift ( β = 0.137, p -value = 2.2e-05).

3e ) the slope of the regression line was highly significant (F 1,1082 = 17.83, r = 0.179, p = 2.6 × 10 −5 ), as was the increase of the post-training slope relative to the pre-training one (F-test, F 1,2288 = 15.31, p = 0.0001).

Highly significant differences in plant growth (PRA29) were observed when flm-3 was complemented by either of the QTL alleles ( p = 2.638e−05).

However, at 35 °C, all three segments had highly significant effects (one-way ANOVAs, p values ≤ 2.8 × 10 −5 ; Fig. 2f ).

Nonetheless, the difference in tumor growth between +dox and -dox was highly significant ( p = 0.00003).

Another nearby gene, PPBP (encoding Pro-Platelet Basic Protein, also known as CXCL7), was also up-regulated in convalescent samples, although it did not quite reach significance at 1% FDR (nominal P = 3.3 × 10 -5 , Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P = 0.016).

Nevertheless, the association of rs1363713 with AF trait was highly significant ( P =3.34 × 10 −5 ), but not as significant as the CNV.

When the number of trophic niches occupied by members of clades was used in this model in place of the number of habitat types, we again found a highly significant result (multiple PGLS, p = 3.365 × 10 −5 , F = 14.62 on 2 & 29 d.f., adj.R 2 = 0.4523, N = 34).

Simply combining all genes (excluding those on the X chromosome) into a single confusion matrix yields highly significant predictability scores (Fig. 3g , average score = 2.2, p ~ 3.74e-5, 3 time points, 5 quads).

4d , left); an increase in mutational frequency with age was highly significant for males ( p = 3.8 E − 5 ), but not for females.