Excerpts

A post hoc analysis suggested a causal relationship between dietary sodium and kidney growth and showed a trend toward an association between lower salt intake and a slower rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [ 12 ].

While our recent study showed a trend toward lower NAFLD prevalence in rural areas compared with urban settings (23.7% (95% CI: 15.5–31.8) vs. 32.4% (95% CI: 28.6–36.1)), the difference did not reach statistical significance [ 10 ].

Considering the impact of diet on the risk of diet-related diseases [ 1 ], there has been a clear trend in the last decade related to adopting healthier lifestyles, focusing on healthy eating, and leading an active lifestyle [ 2 ].

Association between UPF Consumption and Psychosocial Functioning Total UPF consumption showed a trend towards a positive association with the total score of the Y-PSC, and a significant positive association with depressive symptoms and internalizing and externalizing problems ( Figure 3 , Table 3 ).

Even the recent (and most thorough) systematic review and meta-analysis that demonstrated a significant positive association between iron supplementation in pregnancy and GDM risk [ 43 ] did so with highly significant heterogeneity.

There was a highly significant reduction in LDL cholesterol linked to the vegan diet; total or LDL cholesterol was unaffected by dietary approach.

These results across all papers show that there is an overall trend of a greater reduction in mean systolic blood pressure in participants following a VLCD compared to those following non-dietary therapies.

However, the association between higher BASDAI score and lower omega-3 PUFA consumption was close to significance.

Overall, a notable trend was that between 1974 and 1991, few studies investigating diet and MS were published, with no more than two articles found from the Web of Science database every year.

In one of these studies, conducted in a small sample of 10 children with obesity and 13 children with normal weight, a positive trend was observed only among children with obesity [ 64 ].

Physical activity behavior (B = −2.30, SE = 1.25, p = 0.07) was also a marginally significant predictor of 12-month weight loss.

Stress management behavior scores at baseline were associated with engagement at 12 months with marginal significance.

The study showed a trend towards a slower decline of fasting C-peptide (marker of the endogen insulin secretion), and significantly lower insulin dose requirements after 12 months in the cholecalciferol supplemented new onsets than in a placebo group.

The results of LDH detection showed a trend of increase after decrease with the increasing of the concentrations of emodin exposure, and the further ANOVA analysis indicated that the LDH values of 50 μM and 100 μM emodin exposure were significantly higher than that of 25 μM emodin exposure ( p < 0.05) ( Figure 6 c).

The full BKMR model, concurrently containing 13 nutrients with diverse inflammatory potential, revealed that the continuous markers of ESCC had an increasing trend even though there was no statistical difference when all nutrients were at their 60th and above percentile compared with the median level ( Figure 3 A).

A type I error of 0.05 was used for all analyses, with p -values between 0.05 and 0.10 being considered to indicate borderline significance.

reported an increasing trend of fat consumption in Thailand during 1960–1995 [ 25 ].

The age of obesity onset is an important factor to consider for children and adolescents where there may be significant impacts on the child’s long-term health.

Interestingly, Japan National Health and Nutrition Surveys during the period from 1995 to 2016 have demonstrated that total energy intake showed a decreasing trend in both males and females, but energy intake from protein decreased and energy intake (%) from fat increased in both sexes [ 48 ].

We built tables as follows: the dark-gray background stands for a lack of studies (no data); the gray background (with a slash included in cells) indicates an absence of significance; light gray indicates a “nearly significant” association (inverse or positive); all other data with a white background illustrate statistically significant associations (inverse or positive). 3.

As shown in Table 3 , the second tertile of the salt-preserved vegetable–garlic pattern score was significantly associated with depression in men (1.63 (1.06–2.49)), and the relationship between the third tertile of the pattern score and depression was borderline significant in women (1.34 (0.91–1.98)).

On the other side, in the case of European cohorts, a borderline significance was observed with the same amount of egg consumption.

Meta-regression suggested that geographic region and dietary assessment method may confer borderline significance of influence on the heterogeneity.

In the experimental time of 120 min, the blood glucose values of all the groups reached the peak value at 30 min, and generally, showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.

Metabolites approaching significance were noted when 0.05 ≤ q ≤ 0.10.