Excerpts

found marginally non-significant decreased risk of incident nuclear cataract associated with each unit increase in total HEI score (OR = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.87–1.01); P trend = 0.08).

There was a significant trend of increasing incidences of hypovitaminosis D with decreasing ages with the incidence lowest in the elderly age group (56–65) and highest in the youngest age group (26–35) ( p < 0.001) ( Table 2 ).

In terms of CVD death, the results from the REDUCE-IT [ 40 ], ASCEND [ 24 ], and GISSI-P [ 40 ] trials, which accounted for 31.4% of the sample size, were only borderline significant, with RRs and 95% CIs of 0.82 (0.67–0.99), 0.82 (0.67–0.99), and 0.84 (0.72–0.97), respectively ( Figure A2 and Figure A4 ).

Overall, statin use showed a statistically significant risk reduction for all-cause mortality and CVD death, with RRs (95% CIs) 0.90 (0.86–0.94) and 0.86 (0.80–0.92), respectively, whereas the findings for omega-3 supplementation were of borderline significance, with RRs (95% CIs) of 0.97 (0.94–1.01) and 0.92 (0.87–0.98), respectively.

Discussion The major findings presented in this study are that both aging and lower levels of serum LC were associated with high cfPWV; as such, these factors may be significant predictors of AS in patients diagnosed with CKD.

It has to be noted that a significant trend in vitamin B 12 increase was observed between the intervention groups, even though the green-MED dieters were instructed to avoid red/processed meat and their diet was further fortified with Mankai shake and green tea.

A rarely observed phenomenon in creatine supplementation protocols with competitive athletes is the improvement in speed, which was quite significant in the group ingesting MgCr-C.

Moreover, a significant trend to lower vein graft occlusion rate with increasing relative change in serum n -3 PUFA levels during the study period was observed.

A study [ 96 ] enrolled 472 patients with cancer which were supplemented by a mixture of HMB, glutamine (GLN), and arginine (ARG) or by an isonitrogenous, isocaloric control showing a strong trend towards higher fat-free mass in HMB/ARG/GLN-supplemented patients compared with controls.

Probiotic supplementation caused a highly significant increase in Lactobacillus numbers in the fecal samples of the intervention group compared with the control group, which harbored very low populations of lactobacilli (below 2 logs/g = 1 × 10 2 c.f.u./g) ( Figure 2 ).

However, a marginal trend was revealed, demonstrating that fewer children with nutritional failure consumed adequate fat (expressed in g) as compared to their heavier counterparts (67.7% vs. 92.9%, p = 0.058). 3.3.

These interactions of SRER groups and dietary EIR remained marginally significant after adjusting for potential confounders ( p -interaction = 0.068).

In a similar analysis of breast cancer risk involving nearly 50,000 cases, vitamin B6 levels were borderline significant in estrogen/progesterone receptor-negative tumors but not ER/PR + tumors [ 44 ].

The PV group also showed a trend toward improvement but was not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction.

In the LD paradigm, TTBEs dietary supplementation produced a significant increase in transitions in young male mice coupled with a positive trend in the speed and distance scores ( Figure 8 ).

Several countries in the EMR reported an increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst school-aged children and adolescents, the highest increases being reported from Iran [ 110 , 111 ], Lebanon [ 112 ], Qatar [ 113 , 114 ], Saudi Arabia [ 115 , 116 , 117 ], Tunisia [ 118 ] and Bahrain [ 119 , 120 ].

A first small study in patients with AN showed a trend towards increased energy use [ 96 ].

Groups supplemented with l -cysteine or vitamin D alone showed a partially significant beneficial effect on markers such as MyoD, Mef2c, and OPG ( Figure 1 a,c).

In contrast to the genistein-only treatment in our study, exercise (HFD + Exe) showed a trend of preventing the HFD-induced decline in gut microbial richness (Observed OTUs and Faith’s PD); however, when measuring the relative abundance and evenness of the species present (Shannon Diversity index), the gut microbiota diversity difference disappeared.

In addition, only among smokers, there was a positive trend in the association between tertiles of proportional caloric intake of UPFs and adenomas, particularly advanced adenomas ( Figure 2 ). 3.3.

There is also an increasing trend to introduce the Mediterranean diet at work as an intervention to prevent non-communicable diseases [ 19 ].

The kidney showed a trend towards a lower size too. 3.3.

The two variables show a highly significant and strict relationship, both in the whole group and in the subgroups.

The estimates obtained with p values between 0.05 and 0.10 were interpreted as marginally significant.

Non-adherence and physiological changes may be significant contributors to the decreasing effectiveness of the diet over time. 4.1.