Excerpts

Discussion The major new finding in this study in obese and non-obese subjects with prediabetes or normal glucose tolerance was a highly significant and clinically relevant acute reduction in postprandial insulin and C-peptide responses on a diet reduced in carbohydrate and increased in protein and fat.

Although MPE, at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL, showed a trend to ameliorate the H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity in BV-2 cells, only MPE at a concentration of 25 μg/mL significantly increased the cell viability of H 2 O 2 -treated BV-2 cells, by 18.6%.

Flesh extract showed an increasing trend as the dosing concentration increased from 4.46 μg/mL to 142.86 μg/mL, particularly when the cells were stimulated with MDP, but no significant difference was observed relative to the control.

Highly significant reductions of cholesterolemia were observed in subjects receiving the bars with lupin protein + cellulose, or casein + apple pectin, or pea protein + oat fiber or apple pectin [ 54 ]. 2.3.

Although, as in all correlational studies in general, it is hard to postulate a certain correlation between the variables studied and to draw any conclusions about causality, an interesting trend may be observed with regard to the phenomena under study.

Also, an in vitro study of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with curcumin shows an increasing trend towards M2 macrophage polarization, providing a favorable immune microenvironment for cutaneous wound healing [ 60 ].

Results showed a trend towards a non-linear J-shaped relationship of alcohol intake with BMI, with a significant positive association between alcohol consumption and BMI observed only at Very High levels of intake (>75% RDA Energy) in men and High to Very High intakes (>50% RDA Energy energy) in women.

The frequent occurrence of hypercholesterolemia in our study (57.3%), being a notable trend particularly in vitamin D-deficient children, is also worth noting.

The intestinal concretions of powder HMF may be significant enough to cause acute deterioration and warrant surgical intervention due to intestinal obstruction [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].

Also, an increasing trend of concentration of E-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 across the quintiles of the ‘western’ pattern was reported, suggesting that the pathogenic mechanisms may origin in endothelial dysfunction [ 33 ].

In this study the association for GI and diabetes risk was only borderline significant (HR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.00–1.17).

After adjustment for potential confounders as age, sex, income, physical exercise, smoking status, alcohol use, and energy intake, a positive trend was observed across quartiles of total iron intake and risk of MetS ( p for trend = 0.022).

Moreover, patients receiving EA support therapy presented a positive trend in terms of objective response rate, although no significant differences in overall survival were observed between the two groups [ 66 ].

This might be significant for the development of non-invasive biomarker panels that could substitute liver biopsy [ 21 ].

In this study, BC consumption decreased TNF-α concentrations in aged mice but not in young mice, though this effect was only moderately significant.

In this case, an increase in weight with borderline significance was shown.

Moreover, two recent meta-analyses that were specifically planned to evaluate the hypothesis that variations in the gut microbiota could explain or be used to predict obesity status in humans did not find a clear trend between the F/B ratio and obesity.

NCGS showed a Marsh 1 grade in the 68.2%, versus the 41.5% in the other group, with a p = 0.07, close to significance.

There seems to be an increasing trend, but standard deviations are too large to draw that conclusion.

In the present analysis, a non-significant inverse correlation between abdominal muscle CSA and age, and a highly significant correlation between abdominal muscle PDFF and age in women, could be observed.

reported an increasing trend in the calculated vitamin C intake for vegetable consumption, but not for fruit consumption [ 7 ].

Regarding the average time taken for investigation of the outbreaks, there was a decreasing trend after 2008 and 2009.

Children of mothers with some university level education were less likely to have a free sugars intake ≥ 10% of EER (PR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.98), while the association with being in the top tertile of free sugars intake just failed to reach significance (PR 0.83, 95% CI 0.68–1.01). 3.6.

The Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) reported an increasing trend in free sugars intakes from 2–3 years of age throughout childhood, peaking in adolescence and then declining gradually through adulthood [ 8 ].

Within such a decreasing trend, the WB diet systematically led to a higher concentration of glucose and a slightly lower concentration of succinate at each time point when compared to the EB diet.