Excerpts

At the same time, we observed a decreasing trend of δ 13 C with altitude ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) in accordance with that described in the literature [ 4 , 25 ].

In contrast, during 2007–2022, the vegetation NDVI exhibited an increasing trend with a slope of 0.0015 per year (a −1 ), and the R 2 value was 0.6172, indicating a more pronounced upward trend compared to the period from 1990 to 2006.

The study area experienced an overall trend of increasing humidity.

Conversely, the key gene DiHRT displayed an increasing trend in expression from stages S1 to S3 and a significant decrease in expression during stage S4.

The upstream genes DiIPP , DiFPP, and DiGGPPS showed a decreasing trend during fruit ripening, while DiHRT , which is responsible for rubber particle extension, exhibited the highest expression level during the rubber particle formation.

Analysis of variance revealed that differences caused by genotype and environment were highly significant and suitable for QTL mapping ( Table 3 ). 2.3.

Variation in Carob Pod and Seed Traits between Populations All of the studied traits showed highly significant differences between the 25-studied carob populations ( Table 1 ).

However, the expression of the other five genes, namely CsGR-RBP3 , CsGR-RBP4 , CsGR-RBP5 , CsGR-RBP-blt801 , and CsGR-RBP-RZ1A , showed a decreasing trend.

Meanwhile, sample H5 contained the highest levels of p -coumaric and caffeic acids, with highly significant differences from the other samples under the same cultivation conditions (H4, H6–H8).

For example, the key antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD) of the antioxidant system and the key water-soluble substances (Pro) of the osmotic regulation system have an increasing trend, which can prevent the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce the water loss of leaf tissue, thereby improving the drought resistance of crops [ 18 , 20 ].

In the same salt concentration treatment, plant height showed an increasing trend with increasing days of stress.

The soluble sugar content decreased with the increase in NaCl treatment concentration at 24 h of treatment, and the soluble sugar content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in NaCl treatment concentration at 72 h of treatment.

Modularity exhibited a decreasing trend in WW, WP, and BP.

Notably, the cumulative relative abundances of 29 OTUs belonging to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Abditibacteriota, Armatimonadota, Planctomycetota, Ascomycota, and Actinobacteriota showed significant differences between WP and BP ( p < 0.05), in which 15 OTUs displayed a decreasing trend, and 14 OTUs displayed an increasing trend.

The ANOVA analysis revealed highly significant differences among the Tilia species in all the morphometric traits ( Table 3 ).

Among NPP, fungi displayed an increasing trend and algae significantly increased in both percentage and influx, especially Zygnema and Pediastrum , whereas Botryococcus decreased.

The z1 , z2 , z4 , and the q1 – q3 mutants had highly significant decreases in AC, ranging from 8% to 12.9%.

ha −1 of dicamba and glyphosate, respectively) showed a trend for phytotoxic effect stabilization.

During the seedling stage, growth indicators such as plant height, stem diameter, and number of compound leaves showed a trend from high to low: direct planting with a bud length of 20 cm > 15 cm > 10 cm > direct seeding with a bud block (CK).

Effects of Bud Planting on Chlorophyll Content and Net Photosynthetic Rate of Potatoes During the seedling stage, both indicators of the leaves of the four tested varieties showed a decreasing trend from top bud direct planting > middle bud > tail bud > bud block direct seeding (CK), with significant differences among the treatments ( Table 5 ).

This suggests that there exists a critical point in leaf development where growth switches from a positive to a negative trend.

It can be seen that there may be significant differences between MP and MC in gene expression.

During the last interglacial period and the last glacial maximum period, compared with the current suitable distribution, the suitable distributions were mainly distributed in Yunnan Province, Guangxi Province, Hainan Province, and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which indicated an obvious trend for a real reduction from LIG to LGM, more precisely from the north to the south.

Suitable Areas in the Future Based on future habitat predictions, highly and moderately suitable areas displayed the largest expansions in the 2050s under the SSP3-7.0 scenario compared with other scenarios in the 2050s, while the suitable habitats showed an increasing trend from SSP1-2.6 to SSP5-8.5 in the 2070s and part of the suitable habitats were also distributed in Hubei Province, Chongqing City, and Guizhou Province.

Suitable Areas in the Past In comparison with the current distribution, suitable areas in the LIG (about 130 Ka BP, Kilion-anniversary Before Present) and LGM (about 21 Ka BP, Kilion-anniversary Before Present) showed a trend towards the north of China.