Excerpts

Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant PPI enrichment ( p ‐value < 1e −16 ).

The network displayed an average target degree of 4.97 and a local clustering coefficient of 0.514, indicating a highly significant PPI enrichment (p-value <1.0e-16).

Results In the independent validation set, the hazard score calculated from 54 single nucleotide polymorphisms was a highly significant predictor of age at diagnosis of aggressive cancer (z=11.2, P<10 −16 ).

Across all 10‐kb windows in the genome, there was a weak but highly significant correlation in the distribution of Tajima's D values in the two clusters (Figure 4 b; Spearman's ρ = 0.25; p < 10 −16 ).

The enrichment was highly significant (PPI enrichment p < 1.0e− 16 ), demonstrating that the observed interactions were unlikely to occur by chance.

This detrimental effect of antibiotics was highly significant among the phyla Bacteroidota and Firmicutes_A (p < 1e–16, OR 0.7) and observed at various host ages ( Figure S2 E).

The overall PPI enrichment was highly significant ( p -value < 1.0e-16).

Figure 4 puts the predicted ratios in the context of the training ratios, and Table S8 of the Supporting Information quantifies their correlations, elucidating a variety of trends: (1) no_resampling shows a positive trend between the training and the predicted ratio (Pearson’s r 95% CI: [0.440, 0.496], p < 10 –16 ), but since the training and the test ratio are also positively correlated ( Figure 3 ), the latter could be the one driving the predicted ratio of positives; (2) resampling_after_clustering had a constant

This overlap is highly significant ( P -value <10 −16 , hypergeometric test where the intersection is 9000 between 700 000 conserved islands and 60 000 DHSs, assuming a total of 30 000 000 potential loci), consistent with the idea that sequence conservation at overlapping unannotated conserved island/DHS loci reflects the importance of regulatory factor binding to DNA.

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the cluster size as the factor variable found that both results are highly significant ( P < 10 −16 ).

It exhibits highly significant protein interaction enrichment ( p < 1 × 10 −16 ).

The differences between benthic and pelagic species in both measures were highly significant (P ~ 10 -16 ).

In contrast, highly significant differences were observed between promoter usage in ΔCTCF-HPV18 episomes compared to HPV18 following keratinocyte differentiation (p < 1E-16).

The constructed PPIN comprised 44 molecular nodes interconnected by 296 edges, demonstrating highly significant interaction enrichment ( p = 1.0e-16).

STRING analysis reveals a highly significant clustering ( p = 1 × 10 −16 ) of over 90% of the proteins identified ( Figure 7 ), with the existence of sub-clusters related to ER protein quality control, mitochondria membrane protein translocation, nuclear import, and stress granules.

In Silangit, the most discriminative metabolites were tromethamine, oxalacetic acid, adenosine, phenylacetaldehyde, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, all of which showed highly significant differences ( p < 1.0 × 10 −16 ).

The overlap between our set of 2,407 genes and this set of 1,092 genes was highly significant (p<1x10 16 , Fisher’s exact test, S2B Fig ) and, since RNA-seq is typically more sensitive than microarray analysis [ 31 ], we proceeded with the larger gene set.

The difference in the maximum likelihood (ML) values for the GTR + Γ and JC models was very large (Δln L = 14757.9) and highly significant ( P < 10 −16 ).

Again, the correlation between the P values of the 1000 top variants for the classical and mixed-effect Cox models was highly significant ( r = 0.97, Spearman P value < 10 −16 (Supplementary Fig. 4b )).

The difference of the average log2-scaled metformin levels in blood between both groups was highly significant ( p < 10 −16 ).

This yielded a PPI with 235 edges with an extremely significant enrichment p -value < 1.0e−16 ( Fig. 10 ).

Cruise-specific calibrations of shipboard fluorometers, nephelometer/optical backscatter, and oxygen sensors yielded highly significant ( P <10 −16 ) linear relationships between all discrete and calculated concentrations of chlorophyll- a , SPM and DO ( Fig. 3 ).

PPI enrichment analysis was highly significant (P < 1.0e-16; Fig 5B ), indicating that the observed interaction density was greater than expected by chance and suggesting coordinated involvement of these genes in bladder cancer–related pathways.

For statistical evaluation, we computed the mean Spearman correlation ( ρ ) between predicted and measured gene expression profiles on held-out genes for each tumor type and obtained mean ρ = 0.384 ± 0.016 for PSIONIC, a highly significant result ( P < 10 −16 , one-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

We found a strong and highly significant correlation between CpG O/E estimates in ortholog genes in S. mimosarum and S. dumicola (Pearson’s rho = 0.78 (0.77–0.79), p < 10 −16 ) ( Figure S9 ).