Excerpts

A more detailed analysis reveals that a clear and highly significant ( p < 10 -100 , Wilcoxon rank sum test) difference is seen between the mean of the CP M sc ( M ̄ s c = 0.19 ± 0.30) and the mean of the negative sequence M sc ( M ̄ s c = 0.02 ± 0.09).

Nevertheless, the differences between the case groups (TIO and BM) and the control group (HC) were both extremely significant ( P < 10 −100 ).

Likelihood ratio tests indicated a highly significant genetic effect (LRT = 197.9, df = 1, P < 10 -100 ), suggesting that approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation is attributable to genetic factors.

The highest enriched category for bQTL variants was “Myocardial infarction” and for caQTLs “CARDIoGRAMplusC4D” and “Coronary artery calcification.” clQTL variants were enriched for “Myocardial infarction,” “CardiogramplusC4D,” and the highly significant term “Coronary artery,” which was the second most significant category ( P < 10 −100 ) ranked by P value (Fig. 2 a–c).

We found that the similarity among all pairs of networks was highly significant (hyper-geometric test P -value <10 −100 ), and hence we focused on the F -score as this was a more sensitive measure for comparisons.

When p was below the calculation limits of the software (highly significant) we noted p<1.0e−99*.

Sequencing of MapSPARTA-associated DNA confirmed that it associates with both plasmid and genomic DNA and showed a relatively weak but highly significant correlation between specific DNA and small RNA sequence abundance ( Figure 4 G; Pearson correlation coefficient r > 0.32, p < 10 −99 ).

Due to the high number of reads, all overrepresentations starting from i = 3 were highly significant with p values > 10 99 (based on binomial distributions).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ) data base indicates a highly significant anti-correlation with a gene signature obtained from primary human lung fibroblast treated with dithiothreitol (DTT) for 24 hours (Overlapping P = 1.7E-99) [ 63 ]; and a significant correlation with a gene set from dexamethasone-treated (24 hours) human primary osteoblast-like cells (HOb)(GEO series GSE10311 .Overlapping P = 1.0E-46).

The SNP-based heritability estimated on the observed scale was 0.78% (SE = 0.04%), which was highly significant (Z = 21.09, P-value = 9.41 × 10−99), further supporting a polygenic basis for ovarian cancer.

TH interneuron density increased steeply toward ventral caudoputamen ( β = 519.7, p = 5.6 × 10 −85 , N (hemispheres) = 13, N (sections) = 299), while SST interneurons showed a more moderate but highly significant ventral increase ( β = 253.9, p = 3.9 × 10 −98 , N (hemispheres) = 12, N (sections) = 276).

The regression was highly significant ( F test p value = 6.6e−98), and the slope coefficient was positive (0.483), showing that DE genes in physical contact tend to have similar changes in the expression levels between shoots and roots, a behavior consistent with the existence of coregulation mechanisms.

Interestingly, the cancer-all mutations are very similar to the putatively benign mutations in distribution, with only a small, albeit highly significant, enrichment at interior and interface positions (57%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, p = 1.63 × 10 −97 , Fisher’s exact test).

Additionally, the chi-square test for taxonomic distribution differences was highly significant ( χ 2 = 549.60, p < 7.64E-97), indicating that microbial composition varies between conditions.

The Caucasian GRS showed a strong and highly significant association with RA in UKRAG (OR = 2.87, 95% CI 2.60 to 3.17, P = 2.7 × 10 -96 ) when all UKRAG cases and controls were incorporated in the analysis.

We also observed a highly significant difference in the expression variation between lincRNA probes and probes mapping to protein-coding transcripts (Wilcoxon Mann Whitney P<3.85×10 −96 ).

We did not find a significant sex difference in overall PRS effects (OR male = 4.70 (4.16–5.31), OR female = 5.28 (4.80–5.80), P difference = 0.141, two-sample two-sided Z -test), even though the effect of sex was highly significant (OR = 2.54 (2.33–2.78), P = 1.93 × 10 −94 , one-sample two-sided Z -test).

The correlation between deltaSVM and effect-size for the 579 SNPs within 100 bp of a DHS is highly significant, with a Pearson correlation coefficient C = 0.721 (t-distribution P = 7.68e-94) ( Fig. 2c ).

Around 44% of all broadly expressed genes are present in non-zero modules, amounting to a highly significant enrichment (OR = 3.58, p = 1.48e-93).

HBEC + HDM) was extremely significant for both up-regulated ( p = 7.0 × 10 −93 ) and down-regulated metabolites ( p = 2.8 × 10 −49 ), indicating that core metabolic distinctions between ePNECs and HBECs are strongly preserved following allergen exposure.

Two highly significant loci associated with idiopathic MN were discovered: the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ alpha chain 1 ( HLA-DQA1 ) locus (rs 2187668; odds ratio, 4.32; P = 8.0 × 10 −93 ) and the PLA2R1 locus (rs 4664308; odds ratio, 2.28; P = 8.6 × 10 −29 ).

A Fisher’s exact test revealed a highly significant odds ratio (OR) of 29 [95% confidence interval: 19–43] ( P = 8.5 × 10 −93 ), indicating that the odds of identifying the true causal genes from candidates highlighted by ProGeM are greatly improved when picking from the pool of concurrent candidate genes.

Approximately 1,000 of the inducible genes had an iDHS within 150 kb of the TSS, and nearly 500 of these elements were located within just 25 kb which was highly significant ( P = 10 −92 ) (Fig 4 E), further signifying a role for the iDHSs as inducible enhancers of these genes.

One-way ANOVA revealed highly significant differences in abundance, with 10 metabolites showing strong accumulation patterns (F-values 1.38 × 1031−7.84 × 1032; p < 1.03 × 10−92, FDR-corrected).

Association analysis The SNP AC000158: g.1390292G>A , within intron 3 showed a highly significant association with the polled genotype (χ 2 =423, -log 10 P=91.85) ( Table 1 Figure 1) and perfect co-segregation in all 443 Holsteins.