Excerpts

This analysis revealed a novel variant, rs148726219, located on chromosome 19q13.32 (>500 kb from APOE ) which showed highly significant association with AD in DF3 (p = 8.9e-34, OR = 2.5) and had further increased significance in the later release DF6 (p = 2.7e-54).

Support Vector Machines achieved 84.06% accuracy and 93.56% sensitivity, with highly significant group differences across all features ( p < 10 −33 ; Cohen's | d | = 0.87–1.51).

Notably, there is highly significant overlap ( P < 1 × 10 −33 ) between the WHSC1 target genes identified and the differentially expressed genes in KMS-11/Cfz (86 out of 887; FC ≥ 1.4) and KMS-34/Cfz (69 out of 888 genes, FC ≥ 1.5).

cholerae and rotavirus was highly significant (p = 1.12 × 10 –33 ).

Further analysis of the differentially methylated probes in all primary human keratinocytes from 13 different donors also showed a moderate, but robust and highly significant ( p = 1.4 × 10 −33 , t -test) reduction of DNA methylation in the DHM-treated cells ( Figure 2B ).

This represents a highly significant overlap (Fisher Exact Test p-value = 1.45E-33).

These differences were highly significant by Mann–Whitney U tests (P ≈ 1.7 × 10 −33 for SOX2_Gradient, 9.4 × 10 −24 for SOX2_Tile_Gini, 3.2 × 10 −25 for CD44_HScore, and 2.4 × 10 −12 for Prague M).

A log-rank test revealed highly significant distinction across the clusters in terms of survival probabilities ( p = 3.7 × 10 −33 ), which was clearly better than that observed in the standard clustering ( p = 7.4 × 10 −10 ; Figure F in S2 File ).

We found that HOXC8-ssr , HOXC8-3end and HOXC11 all showed highly significant significant linkage to Crest ( P = 5.5×10 −33 ) with no recombination event detected ( Fig. 2 , Table S3 and S4 ).

For example, the probability of finding a lower co-occurrence than observed for the GO terms “RNA processing” (GO:0006396) and “signaling” (GO:0023052) is very low in human (therefore highly significant), as indicated by their AP , p = 7.5e-33 (Figure 2 ).

Specifically, we first applied Cochran's Q test across all three models, which revealed a highly significant global difference ( Q = 147.72, p = 8.36 × 10 −33 ).

A highly significant positive correlation ( p value < 1e−32; R 2 = 0.59) was observed between the total number of additional HGs formed within a Pango lineage and the total number of genomes assigned to that lineage.

Strikingly, ontology analysis resulted in a highly significant enrichment for genes involved in the regulation of insulin transport (hypergeometric test p-value < 10e-33).

This difference was highly significant (t-test, p < 10 −32 ).

Likewise, wear resistance and marginal integrity exhibited highly significant changes between follow-up periods, especially between T2 and T3 ( p < 10 −32 and p < 10 −38 , respectively).

A GEE analysis, with robust SEs, adjusted for age, sex, cognitive state, APOE‐ε4 status, years of education, and recruitment site, indicated a highly significant overall group effect on BAGs ( χ 2 (4) = 156.07, p < 10 − 32 ).

The correlation is highly significant (χ 2 = 150.17 for df = 3, giving P = 1.20 × 10 −32 ).

When excluding the same proportion of transcripts as above (57.5%), but considering this time the X chromosome and autosomes separately, the difference of median expression levels between X-linked and autosomal transcripts became highly significant in both sexes (6.82 vs 7.91, P <10 −31 in males; 6.85 vs 7.91, P <10 −30 in females).

Importantly, a mixed-effect model demonstrated a strong and highly significant interaction between groups and time for both accommodative eye vergence (F[1, 5,403] = 137.99, p = 1.7 × 10 −31 ) and accommodative pupil constriction (F[1, 5,403] = 126.56, p = 4.9 × 10 −29 ).

Between the two datasets of upregulated genes, 739 genes are upregulated in common, which is highly significant in a chi‐squared test for independence ( P = 1.739e‐31; Fig. 4c ).

The genes that show female-bias in all four species are highly enriched on Müller A, relative to an expected uniform chromosomal distribution, and this excess is highly significant (chi squared test, p = 2.06x10 -31 , Fig 3A and S2 Table ).

A likelihood-ratio test to discern the association of the rs1426654 SNP to skin pigmentation, in addition to the influence of sex and population (caste), showed a highly significant effect of rs1426654 genotype on skin pigmentation (p = 2.4×10 −31 ) with an odds ratio of 26.2 (95% CI 12–67.5) for the A allele.

The results confirmed that the shift in the run-on ratios produced by rpb9Δ was highly significant (0.66 log 2 units in average, P = 2.54 × 10 –31 ) ( Figure 4 A).

In terms of the regulatory feature group, these 586 CpGs had over-representation of "Promoter Associated Cell type specific" elements ( p = 1.40e-04) accompanied by highly significant under-representation of "Promoter Associated" elements ( p = 2.94e-31), suggesting that the observed hyper-methylation pattern involves tissue-specific promoters.

Concordance of the direction of the effect of the largest variance component was also highly significant ( p = 5.71 × 10 −31 , Supplementary Table S3 ).